Masterplanning Flashcards
Plan
An adopted statement of policy, in the form of text, maps, and graphics, used to guide public and private actions that affect the future.
Comprehensive plan
Planning document that establishes a government’s policy for the long-term future development of the land under their control, usually over a twenty to thirty years period. Also known as master plans
Comprehensive plan can be revised
Comprehensive plans are used to
- organize large-scale processes
- coordinate decision-making at the local level
- provide general guidance to landowners, developers and other stakeholders
- Promote informed decision-making
- Establish direction and consensus related to future development
Comprehensive plans are typically address the following subjects:
- Land use
- Economic development
- Natural and cultural resources (including hazards)
- Housing
- Transportation
- Utilities
- Community demographics
- Community facilities (including parks)
Land use plans
Describe future possibilities for development within a defined planning area.
The primary goal of land use planning
The regulation of land uses, with the goal of preventing conflicts between competing uses.
Regional Plans
Cover geographic areas that cross the jurisdiction of more than one governmental unit.
A regional plan will contain maps and an implementation program. The implementation program is composed of:
- An implementation schedule
- Development criteria
- Monitoring and evaluation
- Coordination between governmental units
- Proposed legislative changes
Urban plan
Is 3 dimensional. Address smaller area than comprehensive plan.
Urban Plans include
- Executive summary
- Description of existing conditions
- Analysis drawings
- Summary of strengths and weaknesses
- Development program (including market studies)
- Urban design plan and perspective renderings
- Street framework plan (including section drawings)
- open space framework plan
- Design guidelines (massing, height, building setbacks, architectural styles, parking, streetscapes, signage and materials)
- implementation plan
Neighborhood Plans
Address detailed goals, policies, and guidelines related to land uses in a specific neighborhood.
The goal of Site Master Plans
- Outlining a phased growth plan for future site development
- identifying maximum development potential for a site
- highlighting critical cultural and environmental rewources on a site and ensure that future development preserves these site assets
- Considering how sustainable site design measures can be incorporated
- Incorporate public feedback into site development.
Vision/ framework plan
Planning tool to coordinate future growth, development and investment within a given community.
Which planning tool is often used by universities for campus planning?
Vision/framework plan
Historic Preservation methods include
- Preservation
- Rehabilitation
- Reconstruction
- Restoration
Redevelopment Plan is usually in the areas
Underdeveloped or in need of economic revitalization. Often targeted at brownfield and greyfield or urban in-fill development
A set of documents used to formally establish a project’s design intent and used to evaluate conformance to the desired design
Basis of design
Transportation plans typically contain the following elements
Executive summary, including goals and objectives of the transportation plan; Description of planning and public outreach strategy; Description of existing conditions; summary of transportation needs; projection of future conditions; development scenarios to meet future conditions; cost implications and potential funding sources; implementation plan and performance monitoring
Level of service
Frequency of an amenity relative to population size
What would be the reason to seek community participation in the design process
Improve project outcome; save time and money; engaging stakeholders
Areas that accommodate floodwaters in excess of channel capacity are known as
Floodplains
What lot configurations creates the most pedestrian-oriented streetscape
Lot with alley access
Needs assessments are typically used during the development of a
Master plan, or other large- scale planning document
The most ideal adjacent land use for a day care
Urban park with recreational opportunities
When estimating the cost of construction for a proposed design, what should be considered
Existing site conditions, regulatory permitting, the scope of work, the project schedule and the anticipated cost of materials
Framework plans are generally structured as
A series of independent elements that come together within the plan structure
Documentations for informations from stakeholders
- problem statement
- Goals and objectives
- purpose statement
- Needs statement
- Expected Outcomes Statement
Types of stakeholder communications
- visioning
- charrettes/ workshops
- Advisory/ Informational Meetings
- Problem- solving meetings and trained facilitation
- sample public outreach work plan
Comprehensive plan
Specific, associated with a large jurisdiction. City, village, etc.
- made by cities and guide policy decisions over 20-30 years
General plan
Less specific, usually private practice for larger planned development.
Master plan
Not specific at all.
Goal of comprehensive plan
- set out the future vision for the area
- guide sustainable future growth and development over the next 30 years
- identify the steps needed to manage growth
- identify key projects and infrastructure required to support growth
- provide and improve a more certain environment for making public and private investment decisions.
Elements of comprehensive plan
- issues and opportunities
- land use
- housing
- transportation
- community facilities
- economic development
- critical and sensitive areas
- natural hazards
- agricultural lands
- implementation
- etc.
Vision/ framework plan
Early in the process, about communities long-term goals.
- built on previous planning efforts
- aimed at setting goals and standards for an area defined by a single issue
- intended to be flexible over time
- leave some areas undefined to allow for future decision making
Urban plan
Curb - building
- short term
- lots of images
- provide design guidelines
- for a specific neighbourhood
Urban plan use techniques such as
- Predicting population growth
- developing form-based zoning
- setting standards for streetscapes, bike lanes, greenways
- Analyzing park space and the public access to park amenities
- Surveying the water supply
- identifying transportation patterns and making plans to provide for future needs
- allocating healthcare and social services
- analyzing the impact of land use
Patterns of community planning
- single family detached
- PUD/ cluster development - houses closer to each other
- new urbanist.
Strategic implementation plan
Highly specific. Gathering resources and getting ready to start.
Elements:
- financial resources that can be assembled
- sites, buildings or target areas that will be the focus of the strategies
- design and planning standards to be followed
- key players or participants
- identifications of entities responsible for implementing each part of the strategy
- targets and timetables for each strategy or program
Historic/ cultural restoration or preservation plan
- investigation of existing information and legal considerations
- documentation and inventory
- evaluation
- development of the treatment plan
- determining appropriate treatment approaches
- application of rehabilitation standards
- development of the rehabilitation plan
- development of an interpretive plan
- development of an operation and maintenance plan
Design guideline methods
- conventional zoning: density, FAR, setbacks, parking requirement, max height
- zoning design guidelines: conventional + frequency of opening
- Form based
Feasibility study
Project’s financial success
Pro-forma
All costs include hard costs and soft costs.
ROI
Return on investment
View corridor elements
- higher building review
- historic area height review objectives
- higher building review objectives
Redevelopment plan/ economic development plan
Improve financial situation of businesses and workers within a community.
Environmental resource plan
- habitat restoration and creation
- urban forest management
- reduce the amount of land used.
- Environmental impact statements
- land reclamation
- water resources management
- modern stormwater management: slow it, spread it, sink it.
- wetland protection and mitigation
Stormwater management laws and ordinances
FEMA Regulation; Clean Water Act 404, wetland protection; sedimentation and erosion control laws.
Wetland types
Tidal wetland; non-tidal wetland (inland, along streams); Emergent Wetland (mostly grass); forested wetland
Bog are usually
Acid
Wetland mitigation strategies
- Avoidance/ minimization
- restoration
- enhancement
- creation or establishment
- reallocation or replacement
