Mastering B. Chemistry Part 3

Question 1

Two main categories of WBC

Answer 1

Granulocytes ( Neutrophils, Eosinophil, Basophil)
Agranocytes (Monocytes, Lymphocytes)

Question 2

Role of Neutrophil

Answer 2

Phagocyting a bacteria and other pathogens

Question 3

Role of Eosinophil

Answer 3

Control mechanism associated with allergy

Question 4

Role of Monocytes

Answer 4

Phagocytosis

Question 5

Eole of Lymphocytes

Answer 5

Secretion of antibodies

Question 6

Role of Basophil

Answer 6

Contain histamine and heparin

Question 7

WBC facts (6)

Answer 7

Aka leucocytes
Produced in bone marrow
1% of healthy adult blood
Average life span 13 - 20 days
Picked up and destroyed by lymphatic system
Endocrine system regulates storage, release and disintegration of WBC

Question 8

WBC labs

Answer 8

SRR 3.8 - 10.8
Optimal 5.5 - 7.5
Alarm <2.5 or >15.0

Question 9

Leukocyte auto digestion (3)

Answer 9

1) Diets high in refined carbs or sugars (chronic) = decrease in pancreatic Enzymes
2) body responds by using phagocytic WBC to break down food and clear residues from Digestive system
3) = decreased white count

Question 10

Herb to recover WBC count

Answer 10

Astragalus

(if pancreatic related - look at pancreas!)

Question 11

Cxs decreased WBC (7)

Answer 11

Chronic viral infection
Chronic bacterial infection
Pancreatic insufficiency
Bone marrow insufficiency
Raw food diet
SLE
High performance athletes

Question 12

Cxs Increased WBC count (6)

Answer 12

Acute viral infection
Acute bacterial infection
Stress
Intestinal parasites
Diet high in refined foods
Certain cancers

Question 13

WBC management

Answer 13

Further investigation - chronic vs active infection
Evaluate pancreatic function/ food breakdown in stomach
Consider marrow insufficiency from nutrient deficiencies or chemo/radiation
Stress
Consider stool test

Question 14

Neutrophils labs

Answer 14

SRR
Neutrophil %: 38 - 74 %
Absolute:1.5 - 7.8

Optimal
Neutrophil %: 40-60%
Absolute 1.9 - 4.2

Question 15

Neutrophils basics (5)

Answer 15

Most abundant WBC (60 - 70% of WBC)
911 - first responders
Life span 8 days
First responders to infection / inflammation
Actively digest bacteria via phagocytosis (Elevated in early stages)
Present in infected wounds

Question 16

Neutrophils increased vs decreased

Answer 16

Optimal 40-60%

Decreased :
chronic viral infections
Leukemia
Pernicious anemia

Increased:
Acute bacterial infections
Chronic bacterial infections (not always)
Inflammation
Gout
RA
SLE
Dysbiosis

Question 17

Neutrophil management (4)

Answer 17

Acute, chronic infections??
If significantly decreased refer out
Evaluate serum B12 or MMA levels for Pernicious anemia
Consider inflammation or dysbiosis (cardiovascular, gut)

Question 18

Neutrophils increased vs decreased

Answer 18

Optimal 40-60 %

Decreased :
Chronic viral infections
Leukemia
Pernicious anemia

Increased:
Acute bacterial infections
Chronic bacterial infections
Inflammation
Gout
RA
SLE
Dysbiosis

Question 19

Eosinophils labs

Answer 19

SRR
Eosinophil %: 0-3%
Absolute : 0-0.5

Optimal
Eosinophil %: 0-3%
Absolute : 0-0.3

Question 20

Eosinophils basics (5)

Answer 20

Useful as inflammatory marker (esp later stages of inflammation)
Contain histamine, serotonin and heparin
Helps rmeive byproducts of protein catabolism
Increased in allergies, parasites and asthma
Can ingest antibody complexes

Question 21

Eosinophils increased cxs (3)

Answer 21

Intestinal parasites
Skin issues
Food and environmental allergies or sensitivities
Asthma

Question 22

Eosinophil management (4)

Answer 22

Look for parasites
Examine skin
Food/environmental allergies?
Hx of asthma

Question 23

Basophils labs

Answer 23

SRR
Basophil % 0-1%
Absolute 0 - 0.2

Optimal range:
Basophil % 0 - 1%
Absolute 0 - 0.1

Question 24

Basophils basics (4)

Answer 24

Promote inflammation and blood flow to infected areas
Contain histamine and heparin in their granules
-histamine is vasodilator
-heparin prevents blood clots
Are phagocytes so will engulf foreign substances
Called mast cells when in tissues

Question 25

Lymphocytes labs

Answer 25

SRR
% 14 - 46%
Absolute 0.85 - 3.9

Optimal range
% 24-44%
Absolute 0.95 - 3.1

Question 26

Lymphocytes basics (3.1)

Answer 26

Produced in marrow and migrates to other tissues to mature
Used to destroy and eliminate toxic by products or infection or inflammation in early stages or late stages
Source of immunoglobulins and cellular immune response
-produce specific antibodies on cell membranes

Question 27

Neutrophils love..
Lymphocytes love..

Answer 27

Neutrophils love bacteria
Lymphocytes love viruses

Question 28

Types of Lymphocytes

Answer 28

B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells (NK)

Question 29

Lymphocytes active against

Answer 29

Viruses including
Upper respiratory infections
CMV
Infectious hepatitis
Toxoplasmosis

Question 30

Lymphocytes decreased vs increased

Answer 30

Decreased:
Chronic viral infections

Increased:
Acute viral infection
Chronic viral with low WBC count
Excessive systemic toxins

Question 31

Lymphocyte management (5)

Answer 31

Rule out viral infection
Test for oxidative load
Investigate possible bone marrow insufficiency
Examine other sources of inflammation (cardiovascular and GI)
Enhance detox pathways

Question 32

Monocytes labs

Answer 32

SRR
% 4-13
Absolute 0.2 - 0.95

Optimal
% 0-7
Absolute 0.28 - 0.58

Question 33

Monocytes basics 5

Answer 33

Larges WBC
Second line of immune defense
Live in blood 1-3 days
Once there they differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells
50% stored in spleen

Mono - mop up

Question 34

Macrophages basics (5)

Answer 34

Aka phagocyte
Engulf and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells
NB for presentation of antigens to T cells
Every tx has own macrophages
Life span - 20 days

Question 35

Monocytes increased cxs

Answer 35

Recovery phase of acute infection
Intestinal parasites