Massage Therapy Flashcards
What is a mechanical effect?
Any physical changes in the body that are the direct result of massage.
What are reflexive effects?
Changes in the body that occur by stimulation of the Nervous System as a result of massage.
What is an active joint movement?
Involves the client actively performing a movement without assistance from the massage therapist.
What is an active assistive joint movement?
Involves the client performing a movement with assistance from the massage therapist.
What is a passive joint movement?
Involve the massage therapist moving the joint, with the client completely relaxed, not helping at all.
What is a resistive joint movement?
When the client and massage therapist are moving a joint in opposite directions at the same time.
What is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)?
A stretch highly useful in loosening adhesions and scar tissue in muscles, and is beneficial to athletes.
How is PNF performed?
•Massage therapist moves a client’s joint into a stretch.
•Once resistance is met, the client actively resists the movement being performed by the massage therapist putting the muscle into an isometric contraction.
•After holding this resisted movement for 5-10 seconds, the client relaxes, and the massage therapist is able to move the stretch further, until resistance is met again.
•The process is then repeated.
What is a soft end feel?
The result of soft tissues, such as muscles and tendons, pulling back on the joint, preventing any further movement.
What is an empty end feel?
Caused by neither muscles nor bones interfering with movement, empty end feels are the result of trauma to an area, which prevents movement.
How does a bolster under the ankles help clients lying prone?
Low back pain is likely caused by tight hamstrings. A bolster under the ankles produces slight flexion of the knee, which shortens and takes pressure off the hamstrings.
How does a bolster under the knees help clients lying supine?
Low back pain is likely caused by a tight psoas major, iliacus, or rectus femoris. A bolster under the knees produces slight flexion of the hip, which shortens and takes pressure off all these muscles.
Describe the Bow/Archer stance
Performed with the therapist’s feet placed parallel to the massage table.
This allows the therapist to perform long, gliding strokes, such as those seen in effleurage.
Describe Horse/Warrior stance
When the therapist’s feet are facing the table, the knees will be slightly flexed. This allows short, powerful strokes to be performed, such as compression and friction.
Describe Craniosacral Therapy
A very light massage technique that helps to release blockages in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which runs from the cranium to the sacrum. Blockages in these fluids may cause numerous side effects, including head-aches, dizziness, and difficulty processing and understanding information.
What is Lymphatic Drainage?
a technique designed to increase the circulation of lymph utilizing very light strokes directed towards the heart. Increasing lymph circulation may help reduce swelling in areas such as the limbs or face.
How would lymphatic drainage be performed on a lower extremity?
The thigh should be cleared of lymph first, then the knee, then the leg, then the foot.
What is myofascial release?
-A type of treatment aimed at releasing restrictions in muscles and fascia.
-Uses light strokes that move in the direction of the restriction, helping the muscle “unwind” on its own.
*Skin rolling is a form of myofascial release, and is useful when performed on areas of scar tissue to help loosen adhesions.
What is Positional Release?
Also known as strain-counterstrain, is a technique used to relax tender areas in muscles that a person may be experiencing.
How is positional release performed?
Positional release is performed by identifying a tender area a client may have, then positioning the body in such a way to reduce tension in the area.
For example, if a person is experiencing tenderness in the tibialis anterior due to hypertonicity of the muscle, the body is positioned into dorsiflexion to further shorten the muscle. This position is typically held for 90 seconds to several minutes, serving to re-educate the muscle to conform to this new length. The position is released, and the tender area is reassessed.
What is Rolfing?
A structural realignment technique involving the body being placed back into proper vertical alignment by working on the fascia of the body. Loosening the fascia helps the body return to its natural position.
What is reciprocity?
The ability for a massage license in one jurisdiction to be recognized as valid in another jurisdiction Some jurisdictions may require a new license to be obtained, but no more schooling required. Others may require more schooling in addition to paying for a new license.
What is a mission statement?
May be included in a business plan. A mission statement is a statement that defines the overall objective and values of the business.
What is Market Analysis?
Used to assess a market, helping determine things such as customer volume, money spent in specific-locations, money spent on specific products, the competition, and more. Market analysis can help determine the kind of business to launch, where to launch it, when to launch it, who to market it to, how much to price the product or service, and how to properly advertise the product or service.
When operating a business at a physical location where there is customer exposure, liability insurance is often required. Describe the two types of liability insurance.
-General liability insurance protects the massage therapist in cases such as accidental falls by the client that result in bodily injury.
-Professional liability insurance protects the therapist from lawsuits regarding malpractice or negligence.
Tax form used to submit tax return documentation to the IRS that includes gross income, taxes withheld, and deductions.
1040
Form issued to an independent contractor by the company they contract with, detailing the amount of income accrued by the independent contractor through the year.
1099
An attachment to form 1040, filed by sole proprietors, detailing the amount of money the business made during the previous year including barter.
Schedule C
An attachment to form 1040 detailing Social Security tax information for self employed individuals.
Schedule SE
A form filed by individual partnership members. It is similar to a W-2, detailing the amount of money each partnership member made during the previous year.
Schedule K-1
What is a Respondeat Superior?
An employer being held legally responsible for the actions of an employee. Independent contractors and federal employees are not included.
What is Res Ipsa Loquitur?
When a plaintiff sets out to prove that harm that has been done would not have occurred without negligence.
What is Pro Bono?
A lawyer performing work for a client or entity without being compensated. Commonly, given to non-profit organizations or low-income citizens who cannot otherwise afford an attorney.
What is Deposition?
A statement given under oath and outside of court, generally only in civil cases.
What is arbitration?
A form of ADR two parties in a court dispute may not wish to go to trial, and instead begin alternative dispute resolution (ADR).
An intermediary is an impartial party who will hear both sides of the argument, and then make a binding decision on the outcome.
Tschanpua
Hindu technique of massage in bath
Anatripsis
Running a body part upward
Persian philosophers
Rhazes- encyclopedia of Arabic, Roman, and Greek practices esteeming exercise, diet, and manipulations.
Avicenna- Canon of Medicine, important text on medical history
Medical gymnastics
Per Henrik Ling
Movements were classified as active, duplicated, and passive.
Mathias Roth
English physician, published first English book on medical gymnastics
Charles Fayette Taylor and George Henry Taylor
Charles introduced medical gymnastics methods to the States which became «Swedish Movement Cure», George published first American book on SMC
Who is modern massage terminology accredited to?
Dr. Johann Mezger
Emil Vodder
Manual Lymph drainage
Elizabeth Dicke
Connective tissue massage
James H. Cyriax
Deep transverse friction
John Harvey Kellogg
Extensive writing on benefits of massage and hydrotherapy
“The Art of Massage”
Sports massage was introduced:
1984 Summer Olympics
David Palmer
Chair massage 1985
Steps in the scientific method
Observe and review
Hypothesis
Predictions
Experiment
Report results
Refine hypothesis
Levels of evidence- Research pyramid
Abstract
Short synopsis of an article, paper, or report
