Mass And Balance

Question 1

1-What does the Aircraft Empty Mass (AEM) consist of
2-what does the Basic Empty Mass (BEM) consist of

Answer 1

1-Airframe, engine, all permanently installed operating equipment
2-unusable fuel and other usable fluids, fire extinguishers, emergency O2 equipment, supplementary electronic equipment

Question 2

What does the Dry/Empty Operating Mass(D/EOM) consist of

Answer 2

Crew and baggage, catering and removable service equipment, potable water, food and beverages

Question 3

1-What is the Traffic Load
2-what is the Under Load

Answer 3

1-Total mass of Passengers, baggage and cargo
2-diff between actual TL and Allowed TL(A/C limitation)

Question 4

1-what is the Operating Mass(OM)
2-what is the Zero Fuel Mass(ZFM)

Answer 4

1-DOM + fuel but without traffic load
2-weight of a/c with everything loaded except required fuel for flight

Question 5

What is the Gross Mass

Answer 5

The mass at a given condition

Question 6

How do you calculate Moment

Answer 6

Mass x Arm = Moment

Question 7

What is a Reduction Factor(RF)

Answer 7

á scale used to reduce figures to make them more workable
Result known as Index

Question 8

Forward CG Limit
1-does stability increase or decrease
2-does controllability increase or decrease
3-How is the climb affected
4-what creates trim drag
5-does required down force increase/decrease
6-does the stall speed inc/dec and why

Answer 8

1-increases
2-decreases
3-climb is suppressed, nose wants to pitch down
4-the nose down pitching moment increases requiring greater deflection of elavators
5-increases
6-increases, fwd cg ^ wing loading

Question 9

Aft CG Limit
1-does stability and controllability increase or decrease
2-how is the climb angle affected
3-How is trim drag caused
4-how is the stall speed effected
5-how is spin recovery effected
6-how is glide angle effected

Answer 9

1-stability decreases, controllability increases
2-increases because nose pitches up
3-nose pitching up moment increases requiring greater elevator deflection
4-stall speed reduced, down force required is reduced = less wing loading
5-becomes more difficult because of possibility of flat spin developing
6-difficult to maintain because of a/c tendency to pitch up