Mass and Balance Flashcards
An overloaded aircraft may result in what
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
Increased mass affects performance;
- HIGHER or LOWER take-off speed required
- LONGER or SHORTER take-off run
- REDUCED or INCREASED rate of climb
- HIGHER or LOWER maximum altitude
- LONGER or SHORTER range
- INCREASED or REDUCED manoeuvrability
- HIGHER or LOWER approach and landing speeds
- LONGER or SHORTER landing roll
- Higher
- Longer
- Reduced
- Lower
- Shorter
- Reduced
- Higher
- Longer
What does the following definition stand for;
MTOM
MAXIUM TAKE-OFF MASS
Absolute total mass allowed for take off
What does the following definition stand for;
MLM
MAXIMUM LANDING MASS
Absolute total mass allowed for landing
What does the following definition stand for;
MZFM
MAXIMUM ZERO FUEL MASS
Absolute total mass allowed without useable fuel
What does the following definition stand for;
BEM
BASIC EMPTY MASS
Mass of airframe, engine, oil, fixed equipment, non useable fuel
What does the following definition stand for;
UF
USEABLE FUEL
What does the following definition stand for;
TL
TRAFFIC LOAD
Mass of passengers, baggage, cargo, and non revenue load
What does the following definition stand for;
DOM
DRY OPERATING MASS
Total mass ready for specific operation EXCL useable fuel & traffic load
What does the following definition stand for;
PAYLOAD
Spare mass available for passengers & luggage
After aircraft configured INCL pilot weight & fuel
The actual weight (mass) of the empty aircraft includes which 3 things
E E U
- Equipment
- Engine oil
- Unusable Fuel
Which CAP document includes Standard Passenger Masses for commercial flight use
CAP696
Mass includes which 6 things
- Actual Weight (empty) aircraft
- Pilot
- Crew
- Passengers
- Baggage
- Fuel
B V T F D U O Z
Big Vans Travel Fast Down Under in O Z
BEM
Variable Load
Traffic Load
Fuel Load
Dry Operating Mass
Usable Load
Operational Load
Zero Fuel Mass
What paperwork (report) defines the mass design limitations
AIRCRAFT WEIGHING REPORT
An aircraft weighing report includes which 2 liquids
- Engine Oil
- Unusable Fuel
An aircraft has to legally be re-weighed if equipment is installed or removed
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
The aircraft CoG must fall within pre-defined limits to ensure the aircraft remains “what” in flight
REMAINS CONTROLLABLE
Rearwards CoG
An elevator becomes MORE or LESS sensitive
MORE
Forward CoG
An elevator becomes MORE or LESS sensitive
LESS
Rearwards CoG
MORE or LESS input required by the pilot
LESS
Forward CoG
MORE or LESS input required by the pilot
MORE
- Possiblity of over-controlling is with a ____ CoG
- Possibility of under-controlling is with a ____ CoG
- Rearward
- Forward
What is the name of the fixed point from which the CoG is typically referenced
DATUM
A loaded aircraft CoG must fall within a ____ and ____ limit
- FORWARD
- AFT
Where are forward and aft limits defined
PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK
(POH)
The name given to the location of variable load at a specified “arm” length from the datum
STATION
What is the equation for calculating the moment
Moment = Mass x Arm
Mom = MA
nother word for Mom is Ma
Calculations need to be performed for the loaded aircraft for which 2 scenarios
- TAKE-OFF
- ZERO FUEL
In the POH, reference to a “normal” category aircraft implies a restricted bank angle of ____ °
60°
1kg = ?? lbs
2.2 lbs
Convert Litre < > Imperial Gallon
Litre / 4.546
Imperial Gallon x 4.546
Convert Litre < > US Gallon
Litre / 3.785
US Gallon x 3.785
Convert Imperial Gallon < > US Gallon
Imperial Gallon x 1.2
US gallon / 1.2
Convert Litre of liquid to Kilogram
Litre x specific gravity
E.g: If AVGAS SG = 0.72
1500 Litres of AVGAS 100LL = 1500 x 0.72 = 1080Kg
Convert Imperial Gallon to Pounds
(Imperial Gallon x10) x specific gravity
E.g: If AVGAS SG = 0.72
60 imperial gallons of AVGAS 100LL = (60 x 10) x 0.72
= 600 x 0.72
= 432 Lbs
Convert US gallon to Kilograms
(US gallon x 3.785) x specific gravity
E.g: If AVGAS SG = 0.72
60 US gallons of AVGAS 100LL = (60 x 3.785) x 0.72
= 227.1 x 0.72
= 163.512 Kg
What is the weight in Lbs of 8.9 imperial gallons of AVGAS with a SG of 0.72
64.08 Lbs
(8.9 x 10) x 0.72
On a M&B sheet, once all weights are figured i.e. Aircraft BEM, Pilot, Fuel, luggage; and the moments for each weights are determined, how do you determine the total arm
Add all weights together
Add all moments together
Total moment / Total mass
MOM = MA
Transposed formula of MOM = MA
MOM / MASS = ARM
