Mass and Balance

Question 1

An overloaded aircraft may result in what

Answer 1

STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

Question 2

Increased mass affects performance;

1. HIGHER or LOWER take-off speed required
2. LONGER or SHORTER take-off run
3. REDUCED or INCREASED rate of climb
4. HIGHER or LOWER maximum altitude
5. LONGER or SHORTER range
6. INCREASED or REDUCED manoeuvrability
7. HIGHER or LOWER approach and landing speeds
8. LONGER or SHORTER landing roll

Answer 2

1. Higher
2. Longer
3. Reduced
4. Lower
5. Shorter
6. Reduced
7. Higher
8. Longer

Question 3

What does the following definition stand for;

MTOM

Answer 3

MAXIUM TAKE-OFF MASS

Absolute total mass allowed for take off

Question 4

What does the following definition stand for;

MLM

Answer 4

MAXIMUM LANDING MASS

Absolute total mass allowed for landing

Question 5

What does the following definition stand for;

MZFM

Answer 5

MAXIMUM ZERO FUEL MASS

Absolute total mass allowed without useable fuel

Question 6

What does the following definition stand for;

BEM

Answer 6

BASIC EMPTY MASS

Mass of airframe, engine, oil, fixed equipment, non useable fuel

Question 7

What does the following definition stand for;

UF

Answer 7

USEABLE FUEL

Question 8

What does the following definition stand for;

TL

Answer 8

TRAFFIC LOAD

Mass of passengers, baggage, cargo, and non revenue load

Question 9

What does the following definition stand for;

DOM

Answer 9

DRY OPERATING MASS

Total mass ready for specific operation EXCL useable fuel & traffic load

Question 10

What does the following definition stand for;

PAYLOAD

Answer 10

Spare mass available for passengers & luggage

After aircraft configured INCL pilot weight & fuel

Question 11

The actual weight (mass) of the empty aircraft includes which 3 things

E E U

Answer 11

1. Equipment
2. Engine oil
3. Unusable Fuel

Question 12

Which CAP document includes Standard Passenger Masses for commercial flight use

Answer 12

CAP696

Question 13

Mass includes which 6 things

Answer 13

1. Actual Weight (empty) aircraft
2. Pilot
3. Crew
4. Passengers
5. Baggage
6. Fuel

B V T F D U O Z

Big Vans Travel Fast Down Under in O Z
BEM
Variable Load
Traffic Load
Fuel Load
Dry Operating Mass
Usable Load
Operational Load
Zero Fuel Mass

Question 14

What paperwork (report) defines the mass design limitations

Answer 14

AIRCRAFT WEIGHING REPORT

Question 15

An aircraft weighing report includes which 2 liquids

Answer 15

1. Engine Oil
2. Unusable Fuel

Question 16

An aircraft has to legally be re-weighed if equipment is installed or removed
TRUE or FALSE

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

The aircraft CoG must fall within pre-defined limits to ensure the aircraft remains “what” in flight

Answer 17

REMAINS CONTROLLABLE

Question 18

Rearwards CoG

An elevator becomes MORE or LESS sensitive

Answer 18

MORE

Question 19

Forward CoG

An elevator becomes MORE or LESS sensitive

Answer 19

LESS

Question 20

Rearwards CoG

MORE or LESS input required by the pilot

Answer 20

LESS

Question 21

Forward CoG

MORE or LESS input required by the pilot

Answer 21

MORE

Question 22

1. Possiblity of over-controlling is with a ____ CoG
2. Possibility of under-controlling is with a ____ CoG

Answer 22

1. Rearward
2. Forward

Question 23

What is the name of the fixed point from which the CoG is typically referenced

Answer 23

DATUM

Question 24

A loaded aircraft CoG must fall within a ____ and ____ limit

Answer 24

1. FORWARD
2. AFT

Question 25

Where are forward and aft limits defined

Answer 25

PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK (POH)

Question 26

The name given to the location of variable load at a specified "arm" length from the datum

Answer 26

STATION

Question 27

What is the equation for calculating the moment

Answer 27

Moment = Mass x Arm | Mom = MA ## Footnote nother word for Mom is Ma

Question 28

Calculations need to be performed for the loaded aircraft for which 2 scenarios

Answer 28

1. TAKE-OFF 2. ZERO FUEL

Question 29

In the POH, reference to a "normal" category aircraft implies a restricted bank angle of ____ °

Answer 29

60°

Question 30

1kg = ?? lbs

Answer 30

2.2 lbs

Question 31

# GENERAL LINK Convert KG to LBS on CRP-1 | [LINK HERE](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OewCs5B5QI)

Question 32

Convert Litre < > Imperial Gallon

Answer 32

Litre / 4.546 Imperial Gallon x 4.546

Question 33

Convert Litre < > US Gallon

Answer 33

Litre / 3.785 US Gallon x 3.785

Question 34

Convert Imperial Gallon < > US Gallon

Answer 34

Imperial Gallon x 1.2 US gallon / 1.2

Question 35

Convert Litre of liquid to Kilogram

Answer 35

Litre x specific gravity | E.g: If AVGAS SG = 0.72 ## Footnote 1500 Litres of AVGAS 100LL = 1500 x 0.72 = 1080Kg

Question 36

Convert Imperial Gallon to Pounds

Answer 36

(Imperial Gallon x10) x specific gravity | E.g: If AVGAS SG = 0.72 ## Footnote 60 imperial gallons of AVGAS 100LL = (60 x 10) x 0.72 = 600 x 0.72 = 432 Lbs

Question 37

Convert US gallon to Kilograms

Answer 37

(US gallon x 3.785) x specific gravity | E.g: If AVGAS SG = 0.72 ## Footnote 60 US gallons of AVGAS 100LL = (60 x 3.785) x 0.72 = 227.1 x 0.72 = 163.512 Kg

Question 38

What is the weight in Lbs of 8.9 imperial gallons of AVGAS with a SG of 0.72

Answer 38

64.08 Lbs ## Footnote (8.9 x 10) x 0.72

Question 39

On a M&B sheet, once all weights are figured i.e. Aircraft BEM, Pilot, Fuel, luggage; and the moments for each weights are determined, how do you determine the total arm

Answer 39

Add all weights together Add all moments together Total moment / Total mass | MOM = MA ## Footnote Transposed formula of MOM = MA MOM / MASS = ARM