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PPL - Performance > Cruise Performance > Flashcards

Cruise Performance Flashcards

1
Q

Back of the drag curve

MORE or LESS power is required to overcome ____ drag at HIGH or LOW AoA

A
  1. MORE
  2. INDUCED
  3. HIGH

Flying slower, need to create more lift.
More lift comes from increased AoA
Typically flying with flaps down. More flap produces more induced drag

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2
Q

What is meant by

Maximum Level Flight Speed

in context of power

A

Where max power available meets max power required

No more power can be produced and to maintain the given speed, the max power setting is required

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3
Q

What does the Maximum Level Flight Speed graph look like
What is on the X axis
What is on the Y axis

A
  1. Upwards Tick line for speed. Power line intercepts at a high speed point
  2. Speed - Knots
  3. Power Req - HP

LINK HERE

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4
Q

What is meant by

Best Endurance Speed

A

Maximum amount of time aircraft can be airborne

Minimum power required to maintain given altitude

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5
Q

What does the Best Endurance Speed graph look like
What is on the X axis
What is on the Y axis

A
  1. Horse shoe power required line, shallow sloped max power line. Best endurace vertical line at point of lowest power required
  2. Airspeed
  3. Power Setting

LINK HERE

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6
Q

What is meant by

Best Range Speed

A

Range is a function of SPEED and POWER

Must account for wind i.e. headwind or tailwind

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7
Q

Headwind Best Range Speed

A headwind will result in a HIGHER or LOWER airspeed

A

HIGHER

50kt headwind with 50kts IAS means aircraft has zero range. More speed is required to overcome headwind.

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8
Q

Tailwind Best Range Speed

A tailwind will result in HIGHER or LOWER airspeed

A

LOWER

Wind from behind giving aircraft momentum. Means less airspeed required to produce the same airflow over the aerofoil, so less power required. Less power means less airspeed

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9
Q

CoG is designed to be FORWARD or AFT of the CoL (Center of Lift)

A

FORWARD

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10
Q

With a forward CoG, the nose will tend to pitch UP or DOWN

A

DOWN

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11
Q

With a FORWARD CoG, performance is INCREASED or DECREASED

A

DECREASED

Forward CoG requires more down force from tail plane
Down force adds weight, which requires more lift
More lift requires more AoA which creates more drag
More drag requires more airspeed to overcome

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12
Q

With an AFT CoG, performance is INCREASED or DECREASED

A

INCREASED

Aft CoG requires less down force from tail plane
Less down force means less weight, which requires less lift
Less lift means a reduced AOA required, which reduces drag
Less drag means less airspeed required

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13
Q

Redcued air densitiy will result in MORE or LESS engine power available

A

LESS

Less air to mix with fuel

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14
Q

Reduced air density will result in MORE or LESS efficient aerodynamics

A

LESS

Thinner air creating less lift

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15
Q

Pitot Head

What is meant by position error

A

Less accurate indiciation as a result of high AoA producing less airflow into pitot

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16
Q

What is the definition of CAS

A

IAS corrected for instrument and position errors

17
Q

For an aircraft to read the same ASI at higher altitudes, what must the aircraft do

A

PHYSICALLY TRAVEL FASTER

Less air molecules at altitude. ASI calibrated to measure the number entering the pitot tube.
Since molecules are “more spaced out” , aircraft must travel faster to register same reading.

18
Q

Airspeed

What is meant by Density Error

A

ASI Calibrated for ISA
Deviation from ISA will result in an error

If its colder or warmer at a given altitude than ISA, this will result in error readings since ASI is calibrated for ISA

19
Q

Airspeed values and corrections

What are the definitions of;
1. IAS
2. CAS
3. EAS
4. TAS

Correction calibrations

REMEMBER: I Can Eat Tikka Masala

A
  1. Corrected for position and instrument error
  2. Corrected for compressibility
  3. Corrected for Density altitude
  4. Physical speed of aircraft
20
Q

At altitude, the wind BACKS or VEERS in the NH

A

VEERS

21
Q

Below 2000 ft or at ground level, the wind BACKS or VEERS in comparision to that at altitude in the NH

A

BACKS

22
Q

How many feet in 1nm

A

6080 ft

23
Q

Calculate the glinding range (nm) in still air for an aircraft at 6500ft altitude with a glide ratio of 1:4

A

4.28 nm

For every foot lost in altitude, we will flight 4 feet.
6500 x 4 = 26000 ft that we will glide in total
Need to convert to nautical miles.
6080 ft in 1 nm
26000 / 6080 = 4.28 nm

24
Q

A heavier aircraft will need MORE or LESS speed to maintain best glide range

A

MORE

Heavier aircraft needs more lift
More speed will maintain glide range whilst maintaining required lift produced through going faster.

25
Q

Glide distance changes for a given aircraft with more weight
TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

Distance remains unchanged irrespective of weight. Glide speed will change as more speed required to maintain lift.

26
Q

Headwinds and Tailwinds have an effect on Rate of Descent (ROD) for an aircraft in a glide
TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

27
Q

Headwinds and tailwinds have an effect on the effective glide angle of an aircraft in a glide
TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

28
Q

A headwind will make an aircrafts effective glide angle STEEPER or SHALLOWER

A

STEEPER

LESS ground distance covered

29
Q

A tailwind will make an aircrafts effective glide angle STEEPER or SHALLOWER

A

SHALLOWER

MORE ground distance covered

30
Q

During an engine failure, a windmilling propeller will add more what that effects performance

A

MORE DRAG

31
Q

How can a pilot stop the wind milling effect

A

REDUCE AIRSPEED

Almost to stall point

32
Q

If airspeed is reduced to stop wind milling effect, how much extra glide performance can be achieved

A

20%

33
Q

What are 3 additional factors that can effect cruise performance

(not tail or head winds)

A
  1. RAIN
  2. ICE
  3. FLAPS
34
Q

What 4 effects does rain have that impact on cruise performance

A
  1. Lift reduced
  2. Drag increased
  3. Airframe weight increased
  4. Airflow/laminar flow interference
35
Q

Ice on aerofoils will affect ____ and will result in what 2 issues

A
  1. Aerodynamics
  2. Lift reduced
  3. Drag increased
36
Q

How can a pilot reduce speed whilst maintaining the cruise
Why would they do this

A
  1. Flaps
  2. Deteriorating weather/Visibility

PPL - Performance (9 decks)

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