MASONRY Flashcards
cement mix used to glue masonry units to each other, or
other surface finishing materials like tiles, bricks, stones to a
receiving structure like a wall or floor
Mortar
mortar applied to wall surfaces as a preparation or a hard
finish coat
Plaster
a proportioned mixture of siliceous materials (sand, crushed stone)
and cement (lime, Portland) which, after being prepared in a plastic
state with water, hardens into a stonelike mass.
MORTARS AND PLASTERS
proportioned mixture of cement, fine aggregate and water.
CEMENT MORTAR
For first-class mortars 1 part of cement should be added to not more than _______
3 parts of sand
Replacing 10 or 15 percent of the cement by volume with ____________ gives greater workability and increases the strength of the mortar.
hydrated lime
For rubble stonework, ______ will be much stronger than lime mortar
1 : 4
For the top surface of floors and walks, use ______
1 : 1 to 1-1/2.
is a mortar of cementitious material ( lime, gypsum or cement), sand and water which is applied in coats (layers) to masonry surfaces, lath or various types of plaster board to give a hard finish surface to interior or exterior walls and ceilings.
PLASTER
refers to gypsum plaster and the words gypsum
and plaster are often used interchangeably.
“plaster”
Is sometimes added to the mixture to give increased
strength as when used for the first coat.
Fiber or hair
Plastering is done according to two basic methods:
two-coat and three-coat.
A three-coat job consists of :
- a first binding coat called scratch coat;
- a second straightening coat called the brown-coat; and
- a final coat called the finish coat
.
the scratch and brown coats are combined into one.
two-coat work
(hydrated lime and water), mixed on the job with sand
and gypsum plaster, used for two and three-coat finish surfaces
for interior walls and ceilings.
Lime putty
Plaster of Paris mixed with clay, lime and
other materials in combinations covered by trademarks or
patents.
Gypsum plaster
Same as gypsum plaster but
mixed to meet established standards. Mixed on the job with
water, sand, lime putty, hair or fiber for two and three-coat finish
surfaces for both exteriors and interiors
High-strength gypsum plaster
Gypsum plaster premixed with
fibers. Mixed on the job with water and sand for scratch coat for three-coat plastering job
Fibered gypsum plaster
Gypsum plaster mixed with fine
white sand. Used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for
interior walls and ceilings
Prepared gypsum plaster
Gypsum plaster mixed with ingredients
develop more adhesive strength in combinations covered by
trademarks or patents. Used for interior finish for smooth
concrete walls or ceilings.
Bonding plaster
Gypsum
plaster mixed on the job with water, perlite, vermiculite or other
suitable mineral aggregate. _____________ plaster is used
when weight is important, and for fire-proofing other materials
such as steel. Applied on lath. For interior use only
Lightweight gypsum plaster, fire-resistant plaster.
Plaster of Paris mixed with alum or borax or
other materials and burned (calcined) at 932F. Mixed on the
job with water, lime putty and fine white sand as hard finish for
two and three-coat gypsum plaster. For interior use only
Keene’s cement
For ornamental plaster work and castings
Plaster of Paris
For ornamental plaster work and castings. Mix
with water as per manufacturer’s directions
Molding plaster
.
For acoustic treatment of interior walls and
ceilings. Applied on gypsum plaster base coats. Mix with water as
per manufacturer’s directions
Acoustics plaster
Mixed with water, sand and lime putty. Used for two and three
coat finish surfaces for exterior and interior walls and ceilings
Portland Cement Plaster
is highly decorative type of plaster work developed in Italy during
the Renaissance. This type of technique consists of applying two or
three thin coats of plaster different colors and then cutting away
certain areas of one or two coats to produce a three-dimensional
colored design.
Sgraffito
is a built-up construction or combination of building
materials as clay, concrete, or stone set in mortar; or
plain concrete.
Masonry
The horizontal surfaces on which the
stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses.
Bed
– A continuous layer of bricks, stones,
or other masonry units
Course
Each continuous, vertical
section of the wall, one masonry unit thick
Wythe or Tier
That connection between bricks, stones
or other masonry units formed by lapping them
one upon another carrying up the work, so as to
form an inseparable mass of building, by
preventing the vertical joints falling over each
other (also called a breaking joint)
Bond
A brick or block masonry laid
lengthwise of a wall
Stretcher
A brick or block masonry extending
over the thickness of the wall
Header
A course in which the bricks
or other masonry units are all headers.
Heading course
A unit laid on its end with its face
perpendicular to the face of the wall.
Soldier
The corner stones at the angles of
buildings, usually rusticated so as to project
from the normal surface of the wall.
Quoins
Stones running through the
thickness of the wall at right angles to its face,
in order to bind it together
Bond Stones–
A course of
stones placed on top of cornice crowning the
walls
Blocking or Blocking Course
together with wood and clay, are the basic building material
of man.
STONE
Stone delivered from the quarries rough and irregular shape.
Rubble Stone.
Stone
cut into specific size,
squared to dimensions, and
to a specific thickness
Dimension Stone.
Masonry of
rough, undressed stones.
Rubble work.
When only the roughest
irregularities are knocked off, it is called _______
scabbled rubble
when the stones in each course
are rudely dressed to a nearly
uniform height,
range rubble
Stones fitted
together at random without any
attempt to lay them in course.
Random work.
Squared stones in regular courses, in contradistinction to
rubble work .
Ashlar
Uniform courses with
stones uniform in size.
Ranged work or coursed
ashlar
Course
laid with the horizontal joints
uninterrupted but the width of the
courses and the length of the
stones are varied to produce a
wall with a less regular pattern.
Broken range ashlar–
their rectangular
shape and are laid on horizontal
beds but no effort is made to
continue the horizontal beds
through in an uninterrupted
manner. Large stones combine with
small ones in a convenient and, if
possible, an interesting manner.
Random course
Courses of stone face which
is jagged, so as to present a
rough surface
Rustic or Rock work
occurs when heavier
stones or areas of stone project
from the normal face of the
surrounding wall or of the joint
themselves
Rustication
are structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and
subsequently fired.
BRICKS
Used for all
purposes, including facing
Common or building brick.
Specially processed to give certain
specific surface characteristics. Used for
exposed masonry surfaces
Facing brick.
These have a smooth outer
surface with a dull satin or high gloss finish. They
are load bearing, fire resisting, and impervious.
They are usually formed with vertical hollow
cores through the body with scoring on the back.
Glazed brick.
These are ordinarily
made from a mixture of flint clay and plastic clay,
and are used for the lining of furnaces,
fireplaces, and chimneys
Fire (refractory) brick
Consists of five
stretcher courses and then a
header course. It is generally
begun with a row of headers at
the bottom course
Common Bond.
Consists of
alternate courses of stretchers
and headers
English Bond.
Consists of
alternate headers and stretchers
in each course
Flemish Bond.
The bricks are
laid diagonally to form a herring
bone pattern.
Herringbone
Mortar joints
between brick
courses are
usually from
4.5mm (3/16”)
to 12mm (½”).
is a hollow masonry unit, with two
or three cells or cores, made of the following ingredients: water,
Portland cement, and various types of aggregate such as sand,
gravel, and crushed stone
Concrete Hollow Block (CHB)
Standard CHB sizes are from
thicknesses of
00mm (4”), 150mm (6”)
and 200mm (8”) x height of 200mm (8”)
x length of 400mm (16”).
CHB of ___________ should
be used only for interior partition walls
where weather-tightness is not
required.
CHB of 100mm (4”) thickness
The different types of concrete hollow block
include:
stretchers, headers, corner blocks, jamb blocks, beam or lintel blocks
should be laid on a full bed
of mortar with horizontal and vertical joints 10mm
(3/8”) thick.
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
is lightweight block
made from fiber and cement.
“DURISOL” BLOCK
also known as gypsum partition blocks, are usually made of gypsum,
vegetable fibers as binders, and reinforcement.
PLASTER BLOCK
are hollow masonry units, open at two ends with
interior webs or partitions 19mm (¾”) to 25mm (1”) dividing the block
into longitudinal cells.
STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
Stone commonly used for architectural purposes include:
Granite, marble, travertine, limestone, sandstone, slate
The different types of concrete hollow block
include:
Stretchers, headers, corner blocks, jamb blocks, beam or lintel blocks
Structural clay tile
is classified into:
Load-bearing wall tile and Non-load bearing, fireproofing,
partition, and furring tile.
