Masonry

Question 1

What do we consider masonry?

Answer 1

Stone, Bricks, Blocks and mortar

Question 2

What are the advantages of masonry?

Answer 2

Great in compression
Low maintenence
Good Fire resistance
Aesthetics

Question 3

Disadvantages of masonry?

Answer 3

Variable material properties
Poor flexability
Not as environmentally friendly, large embodied energy
labour intensive

Question 4

what are bricks made of?

Answer 4

ceramic
clay and shale/ alumino silicates (china clay)
Sand may be included and lime/ iron oxide(red)
fired at 1000c to vitrify (fuse and for a glass)
right amount of non plastic material required to prevent excessive shrinkage

Question 5

Types of brick?

Answer 5

Common, engineering, facing

Question 6

How are bricks manufactured?

Answer 6

Brick clay/shale quarried
Grinded down and other materials added along with water
bricks are then extruded through the appropriate die
surface finish may then be added
bricks dried out at 100c for 24 hrs in humid environment
fired at 1000c for a few days

Question 7

Types of brick shapes?

Answer 7

Frogged
Perforated
Cellular
keyed for plaster

Question 8

ways a brick can be laid?

Answer 8

Stretcher - side
Header - end
Shiner - biggest face
Rowlock - end on side
Sailor - upright shiner
soldier - upright stretcher

Question 9

types of bond?

Answer 9

Stretcher bond
English bond
Flemish bond

Question 10

Brick dimentions

Answer 10

215 x 65 x 102.5 work size plus 10 for coordination size
3 75s make 225
2 112.5 make 3 75s and 225

Question 11

dimensions of a block?

Answer 11

440 x 215 x depth

Question 12

how can we support a brick wall from lateral forces?

Answer 12

buttresses, flank walls,

Question 13

What are the frost resistance gradings for brick?

Answer 13

F0- not resistant indoor use only
F1 moderate exposure
F2 frost resistant for severe conditions

Question 14

What is efflorescence?

Answer 14

it is a white powdery deposit that can form on masonry after 1 to 3 years
soluble salts making their way to the surface
usually sulfates or carbonates
can be washed away
caused by salts in the masonry, water getting into the masonry and finding its way to the surface

Question 15

What is carbonated lime bloom?

Answer 15

CaO leaching out of cement rich mortar, react with water or co2 to form carbonate of carbon over time.
prevention by preventing fresh laid masonry getting wet
removed by hydrochloric acid

Question 16

sustainability of bricks?

Answer 16

high fuel consumption in the firing
little wastage
product is durable and reusable with the right mortar
good thermal properties

Question 17

What are calcium silicate bricks?

Answer 17

they are chemically set sandlime bricks and dont require firing

Question 18

how are concrete blocks made?

Answer 18

cement, agg, water
mixing ingredients dry
adding small amount of water for set
compaction into a mould
cured in a low pressure steam kiln for several hours

Question 19

what are the densities of blocks?

Answer 19

Dense Block - up to 40 mpa 2 t/m3 well graded agg
Med Dense Block 7mpa 1.5t/m3 single sized agg
Low density block - 3-10 mpa concrete aerated with entrained air

Question 20

forms of blocks?

Answer 20

solid
hollow
celular

Question 21

how are AAC blocks made?

Answer 21

similar to regular blocks however, with pfa and aluminium powder
no moulds used, sheet poured and blocks cut with wire before pressure kiln