Masonry Flashcards
What do we consider masonry?
Stone, Bricks, Blocks and mortar
What are the advantages of masonry?
Great in compression
Low maintenence
Good Fire resistance
Aesthetics
Disadvantages of masonry?
Variable material properties
Poor flexability
Not as environmentally friendly, large embodied energy
labour intensive
what are bricks made of?
ceramic
clay and shale/ alumino silicates (china clay)
Sand may be included and lime/ iron oxide(red)
fired at 1000c to vitrify (fuse and for a glass)
right amount of non plastic material required to prevent excessive shrinkage
Types of brick?
Common, engineering, facing
How are bricks manufactured?
Brick clay/shale quarried
Grinded down and other materials added along with water
bricks are then extruded through the appropriate die
surface finish may then be added
bricks dried out at 100c for 24 hrs in humid environment
fired at 1000c for a few days
Types of brick shapes?
Frogged
Perforated
Cellular
keyed for plaster
ways a brick can be laid?
Stretcher - side
Header - end
Shiner - biggest face
Rowlock - end on side
Sailor - upright shiner
soldier - upright stretcher
types of bond?
Stretcher bond
English bond
Flemish bond
Brick dimentions
215 x 65 x 102.5 work size plus 10 for coordination size
3 75s make 225
2 112.5 make 3 75s and 225
dimensions of a block?
440 x 215 x depth
how can we support a brick wall from lateral forces?
buttresses, flank walls,
What are the frost resistance gradings for brick?
F0- not resistant indoor use only
F1 moderate exposure
F2 frost resistant for severe conditions
What is efflorescence?
it is a white powdery deposit that can form on masonry after 1 to 3 years
soluble salts making their way to the surface
usually sulfates or carbonates
can be washed away
caused by salts in the masonry, water getting into the masonry and finding its way to the surface
What is carbonated lime bloom?
CaO leaching out of cement rich mortar, react with water or co2 to form carbonate of carbon over time.
prevention by preventing fresh laid masonry getting wet
removed by hydrochloric acid