Maslow

Question 1

what did Maslow suggest in relation to self actualisation

Answer 1

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Question 2

what was maslows theory (3)

Answer 2

• hierarchy of needs= needs required to place before self actualisation can be realised
  
  • arise in order⇒ if first not met then all other needs cannot be fulfilled
  • Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person⇒ Once these growth needs have been reasonably satisfied, one may be able to reach the highest level called self-actualization.

Question 3

what are some examples where ppl can’t meet all hierarchy of needs (3)

Answer 3

no food= cant move past psychological needs

ware zone= cannot achieve safety needs

western society provided food, safety & love but could have low self esteem

Question 4

what were the 5 needs suggested by maslow in order

Answer 4

1. Physiological needs eg food, water
2. Safety needs eg security
3. Belongingness and love needs eg friends
4. Esteem needs eg feeling of accomplishment
5. Self actualisation= achieving ones full potential, including creative activities

Question 5

what did maslow find with the population achieving this hierarchy (4)

Answer 5

• we are theoretically, capable of self-actualizing→ most will not do so or only to limited degree.
  
  • Maslow (1970) estimated: 2 % of people would reach state of self-actualization.
  • interested in the characteristics of people whom considered to have achieved their potential as individuals.
  • studying 18 people he considered to be self-actualized (including Abraham Lincoln and Albert Einstein) identified 15 characteristics of a self-actualized person.

Question 6

what were some of the characteristics & behaviour found by maslow that are common with ppl that have achieved self actualisation

Answer 6

• Accept themselves and others for what they are;
  
  • Spontaneous in thought and action
  • Problem-centered (not self-centered)
  • Highly creative
  • Avoiding pretence (‘game playing’) and being honest;
  • Being prepared to be unpopular if your views do not coincide with those of the majority;
  • Taking responsibility and working hard;

Question 7

how did the hierarchy of needs have influence on education and suggestions` (4)

Answer 7

Before a student’s cognitive needs can be met, they must first fulfill their basic physiological needs.

- eg a tired and hungry student will find it difficult to focus on learning, Students need to feel emotionally and physically safe and accepted within the classroom to progress and reach their full potential.
- Maslow suggests students must be shown that they are valued and respected in the classroom, and the teacher should create a supportive environment.
- Students with a[low self-esteem]will not progress academically at an optimum rate until their self-esteem is strengthened.

Question 8

evaluate -ves maslows hierarchy of needs` (3)

Answer 8

• methodology= Maslow formulated characteristics of self-actualized individuals from undertaking a qualitative method called biographical analysis⇒ looked at biographies and writings of 18 people→ developed a list of qualities of specific group of people⇒ this opposed the theory of viewing everyone holistically
  
  • bias within list: biographical analysis method is extremely subjective as based entirely on the opinion of the researcher⇒ always prone to bias→ reduces validity of any data obtained. Therefore Maslow’s operational definition of self-actualization must not be blindly accepted as scientific fact.
  • less females studies: difficult generalize theory to females and individuals from lower social classes or different ethnicity⇒ questioning population validity of findings.

Question 9

evaluate +ves of maslows hierarchy of needs` (2)

Answer 9

• relevance in modern-day applications, especially in the world of business. Managers, for example, can benefit from understanding their employees’ basic human needs of friendship, job security, and recognition for a task well done. Creating an environment which meets these needs will result in self-actualized team members who operate at their full potential for the business.
  
  • influence on education