Masking

Question 1

Masking the the ability of __ _____ to _______ with the ___________ of another

Answer 1

one sound; interfere; perception

Question 2

Masking is measured by how much the _________ of a _____ __________

Answer 2

threshold; signal increases

Question 3

Both _____ and ____ can mask tone

Answer 3

noise and tone

Question 4

Higher threshold means the level must be ________ in order to _____ it

Answer 4

increased; detect

Question 5

What are two uses for masking?

Answer 5

Clinical Audiometry and research

Question 6

How is masking used in clinical audiometry?

Answer 6

mask contralateral ear if there is a risk of cross hearing

Question 7

How is masking used in research?

Answer 7

ability to detect a stimulus in the presence of another informs about the operation of the cochlea

Question 8

upward spread of masking means that a tone will tend to mask tones _____ it in ________, rather than ____ it

Answer 8

above; frequency; below

Question 9

What are two factors that can influence the detection of the signal in a masking experiment?

Answer 9

beats, and nonlinearity of the peripheral auditory system

Question 10

What is beating?

Answer 10

two tones that are close in frequency cause waveform to modulate in amplitude

Question 11

What is the solution for beating interfering with signal detection when using masking?

Answer 11

using a short duration signal

Question 12

What does nonlinearity of the peripheral auditory system mean?

Answer 12

aural harmonics and combination tones exists at high signal

Question 13

What are aural harmonics?

Answer 13

higher harmonics of the signal frequency

Question 14

What are combination tones?

Answer 14

they occur when signal and masker are simultaneously present

Question 15

Why is masking asymmetric?

Answer 15

upward spread of masking

Question 16

White noise masks ___ of many _________

Answer 16

tones; frequencies

Question 17

What is the signal-to-noise ratio?

Answer 17

ratio of the level of the signal to the level of the noise

Question 18

Signal to noise ratio is used to describe the _______ threshold

Answer 18

masked

Question 19

what is the critical band?

Answer 19

width of the auditory filter or peripheral filter

Question 20

its assumed that the detection of a signal is based on the _____ of an _____ filter centered on the signal ________

Answer 20

output; internal; frequency

Question 21

masking depends on amount of of masking _____ coming through the _____. “_____ ________ _____”

Answer 21

noise; filter; “Power Spectrum Model”

Question 22

size (width) of the filter is the _______ ____

Answer 22

critical band

Question 23

you can estimate the size or critical band of a filter by using the _______ ____ method

Answer 23

notched noise

Question 24

An equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) is used to:

Answer 24

estimate the size/width of the auditory filter

Question 25

Width of the critical band increases in __ with __________ _________

Answer 25

Hz; increasing frequency

Question 26

Width of internal filter may also increase with increasing _____ level

Answer 26

signal

Question 27

What is backward fringe masking?

Answer 27

signal near the end of the masker

Question 28

What is forward fringe masking?

Answer 28

signal near the beginning of the masker

Question 29

what is backward masking

Answer 29

signal precedes the masker

Question 30

what is forward masking?

Answer 30

signal follows the masker

Question 31

What is simmultaneous masking?

Answer 31

the signal occurs in the temporal center of the masker

Question 32

for simultaneous masking, more masking occurs in the _____ conditions

Answer 32

fringe

Question 33

forward masking can occur from up to ___-___ ms

Answer 33

75-200ms

Question 34

forward masking can have neural _____ or _________, and also basilar membrane ________ at ___ frequencies

Answer 34

fatigue or persitence; ringing at low

Question 35

backward masking can occur up to ___ ms

Answer 35

50 ms

Question 36

backward masking is _____ understood, as people who practice show little _________

Answer 36

poorly; confusion