Mary, Queen of Scots

Question 1

give 6 reasons why people resented the catholic church in the 1540s

Answer 1

1. nepotism,
2. pluralism,
3. charging for services such as baptisms,
4. Using church money to provide for family
5. “tithe” tax,
6. priests were illiterate

Question 2

describe the treaty of edinburgh (4)

Answer 2

1. french forces would leave scotland
2. treaty between england and france
3. mary would stop claiming to be queen of england
4. mary never officially agreed to give up her claim

Question 3

describe 6 events of the rough wooing

Answer 3

1. the burning of border abbeys such as melrose
2. the burning of edinburgh for two days
3. the siege of st andrews (scottish protestants in the castle after murdering cardinal beaton)
4. the battle of pinkie (scots lost)
5. battle of ancrum moor (scots won)
6. smuggling of religious pamphlets

Question 4

give 6 reasons mary of guise was resented

Answer 4

1. she was catholiic
2. she was a woman
3. she was foreign
4. she let french people settle in scotland
5. she trusted her french advisors more than her scottish ones
6. she introduced a new tax to raise funds for the scottish crown

Question 5

give 6 reasons why the protestant faith spread in scotland

Answer 5

1. religious pamphlets were brought over from abroad spreading protestant belief
2. Bible was available in English meaning those who could not read Latin could now understand it
3. Protestant leaders like John Knox preached in Scotland whose arguments appealed to many
4. Protestant religion used to counter French influence over Scotland which some felt was overbearing
5. celebration of mass was banned meaning Protestantism was promoted as the only acceptable form of worship
6. criticisms of the Catholic church also contributed to the growth of Protestantism. for example, Sale of Indulgences, Pluralism

Question 6

give 6 reasons why mary was forced to abdicate in 1567

Answer 6

1. She was suspected of being involved in the murder of her husband, Lord Darnley
2. Mary allowed Bothwell to prevent an investigation into Darnley’s death which many people thought proved her involvement in the crime
3. Protestant Lords joined Moray as they wanted Mary’s son James on the throne.
4. some people had never supported Mary as a female ruler
5. Mary got married to bothwell in a protestant service even though she was a devout catholic which made her look like a hypocrite
6. scottish protestants disliked the fact she was catholic

Question 7

give six examples of the power of the monarchy and nobility in scotland in the 1540s

Answer 7

1. James VI controlled the religion of the country
2. James VI had control over taxes and income from the church
3. they owned the land and most ordinary people depended on them
4. they were in charge of law and order locally
5. they dominated the top positions in the country
6. they formed alliances amongst themselves to gain more power

Question 8

give 5 reasons why MQS left scotland for france in 1548

Answer 8

1. scotland broke the treaty of greenwich with england so mary would be in danger from the rough wooing
2. mary had to be moved around the country many times so it was difficult to keep her safe from the attacking english
3. a plan was developed to smuggle mary out of scotland to france because the english continued to try and enforce the treaty even after Henry VIII had died
4. the french wanted mary to marry the dauphin of france so she had to move to france
5. the treaty of haddington which agrees mary would move to france and marry the heir to the french throne
6. moving mary to france was a precondition for french military aid against the english

Question 9

give four examples of the role of the catholic church in the 1540s

Answer 9

1. the church would pardon sins in exchange for land and money
2. the church rented out land to farmers
3. the church collected taxes from people
4. the church would take care of the sick the clergy would educate young boys

Question 10

give four examples of the role of the catholic church in the 1540s

Answer 10

1. the church would pardon sins in exchange for land and money
2. the church rented out land to farmers
3. the church collected taxes from people
4. the church would take care of the sick the clergy would educate young boys

Question 11

give 5 events leading to the treaty of edinburgh

Answer 11

1. protestantism was spreading in scotland with help from england
2. mary of guise began to stamp down on scottish protestants
3. mary of guise used french soldiers to help crush the rebellion
4. mary of guise died in 1560 whilst the two armies faced each other
5. both sides agreed to remove their troops and let scots handle their own affairs

Question 12

give 6 reasons mary faced difficulties on her return to scotland in 1561

Answer 12

1. scotland had become a protestant country and she was regarded with suspicion because she was catholic
2. many nobles thought she would replace them with frenchmen
3. she was a woman so many didnt approve of her ruling
4. mary was young so people thought she would be too inexperienced to rule
5. tensions were still high due to the revolt against her mother
6. she was considered to be french and the french were unpopular in scotland

Question 13

give 6 reasons mary faced difficulties on her return to scotland in 1561

Answer 13

1. scotland had become a protestant country and she was regarded with suspicion because she was catholic
2. many nobles thought she would replace them with frenchmen
3. she was a woman so many didnt approve of her ruling
4. mary was young so people thought she would be too inexperienced to rule
5. tensions were still high due to the revolt against her mother
6. she was considered to be french and the french were unpopular in scotland

Question 14

explain 6 reasons why riccio was unpopular with darnley and his nobles

Answer 14

1. they believed mary and riccio were having an afffair
2. riccio bragged about his influence over mary which angered them
3. he was humiliating the nobles by making them ask to see mary
4. he saw himself as a noble even though he was of lower status
5. riccio was believed to have persuaded mary not to give darnley the crown matrimonial which made him angry
6. some thought riccio was a spy sent by the pope

Question 15

give 6 events of the murder of riccio

Answer 15

1. lord darnley and a group of nobles attacked him
2. the murder took place in marys private rooms
3. riccio hid behind a pregant mary and begged for mercy
4. mary stepped aside when a gun was pointed at her
5. riccio was stabbed 56 times
6. he was then thrown down the stairs

Question 16

give 6 events of the murder of darnley

Answer 16

1. a loud explosion of Darnleys residence (kirk o fields)was heard early in the morning
2. kirk o fields was reduced to rubble
3. the bodies of darnely and his servant were found with strangle marks round their necks and no indication that the explosion was the thing that killed them
4. the bodies were found with a cloak a rope a chair and a dagger
5. witnesses say they saw men running from the murder scene 6. people believed mary was involved in his death

Question 17

give six reasons why marys marriage to darnley caused problems for her

Answer 17

1. the marriage caused divisions amongst the scottish lords resulting in the chaseabout raid
2. queen elizabeth didnt approve causing more tension between england and scotland
3. darnley demanded the crown matrimonial and mary refused
4. darnley had a bad reputation as a womaniser and drinker
5. darnley was invovled in the murder of riccio
6. darnley refused to attend his sons baptism

Question 18

give six events which led to marys abdication in 1567

Answer 18

1. scottish nobles who were outraged at marys marriage to bothwell rebelled against her
2. the protestant nobles raised an army and so did mary
3. the nobles said they would withdraw if mary gave up bothwell but she refused
4. bothwell escaped and mary surrendered
5. they then imprisoned mary in loch leven castle
6. it was agreed marys son james would be king

Question 19

give six events which led to marys abdication in 1567

Answer 19

1. scottish nobles who were outraged at marys marriage to bothwell rebelled against her
2. the protestant nobles raised an army and so did mary
3. the nobles said they would withdraw if mary gave up bothwell but she refused
4. bothwell escaped and mary surrendered
5. they then imprisoned mary in loch leven castle
6. it was agreed marys son james would be king

Question 20

give six events of the battle of langside

Answer 20

1. mary had escaped from loch leven and gathered 6000 supporters
2. at langside she was opposed by an army of the scottish lords led by moray
3. marys troops outnumbered morays but his army had better leadership
4. marys army was defeated so she fled to dumfries and then england
5. one hundred of marys men were killed
6. the battle only lasted 45 minutes

Question 21

give six points describing the regencies of moray and morton

Answer 21

1. moray had to cope with marys supporters who still wanted to return her to the throne even after her abdication
2. moray spent his time trying to strengthen protestantism in scotland and passed new laws to do so
3. in 1572 morton became regent and also strongly supported protestantism
4. moray took strong action against catholic priests
5. moray was murdered in linlithgow in 1570 by one of marys supporters
6. morton was executed in 1581 due to his involvement in the murder of darnley

Question 22

give five examples of marys involvement in catholic plots against elizabeth

Answer 22

1. the ridolfi plot planned to depose elizabeth and replace her with mary
2. the throckmorton plot planned the murder of elizabeth and putting mary on the throne
3. the parry plot where marys double agent william parry planned to kill elizabeth in a private meeting ot by ambushing her
4. the babington plot an enlgish catholic nobleman wanted to restore his religion by putting mary on the english throne
5. mary claimed she had a right to the english throne

Question 23

give six events of marys imprisonment in england

Answer 23

1. mary was moved to carlisle castle
2. mary was allowed out within the castle grounds
3. she was allowed a large household
4. mary plotted to get free
5. her imprisonment ended with her execution
6. she was moved frequently

Question 24

give six events of the trial of mary

Answer 24

1. she learned that the trial would be held even in her absence
2. she defended herself and wasnt allowed to call witnesses
3. she wasnt allowed to consult any documents during the trial
4. she knew she would be found guilty because it was too much of a risk to let her live
5. she was denied legal counsel
6. she was charged with treason

Question 25

give six reasons why mary was executed

Answer 25

1. catholics plotted to kill elizabeth and make mary queen which convinced elizabeth mary was a threat 2. mary claimed to be the real catholic queen of england which worried english protestants 3. mary was elizabeths heir and elizabeth didnt trust her 4. marys son was protestant so if mary died england would stay on to be a protestant country 4. the pope encouraged plots against elizabeth which also meant elizabeth saw mary as a threat 5. mary hadnt been involved in any plots but a law was passed saying any beneficiary of these plots would be executed