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Sociology education > marxism view on education > Flashcards

marxism view on education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how do marxists generally view education

A
  • education is a form of social control which encourages younger children to conform
  • reproduces class inequalities and passes it on
  • makes us think failure is due to lack of ability and effort and we only have ourself to blame
  • encourages us to accept our positions after school
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2
Q

marxism main points

A
  • ideological state apparatus
  • repressive state apparatus
  • correspondance principle
  • myth of meritocracy
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3
Q

Althusser’s main points

A
  • role of education is the reproduction of an efficient and obedient labour force - capitalism requires a workforce with the behaviour/personality type suited to their role as alienated workers willing to accept work + low pay + schools reward these personality traits
  • involves reproduction of necessary technical skills
  • involves reproduction of the ideology of ruling class
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4
Q

what does ideological state apparatus do + who talks about this

A

Althusser - people are brainwashed into accepting their position in society, prepares students for employment by teaching necessary skills to live a life of exploitation, reproduces dominant ideology of ruling class to ensure hegemony, reproduces +legitimises inequality as promotes meritocracy while simultaneously disadvantaging w/c

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5
Q

how do schools achieve ideological state apparatus (4 ways)

A
  • fragmented curriculum - doesnt explain bigger picture of society + only teach british not global history, only offering politics+sociology at higher level ensuring students cant be critical in theit thinking
  • compulsory teaching core skills for employment (maths+english)
  • education on culture are from preferences of ruling class = alienation of w/c students as dont feel represented in education
  • promotion of meritocracy while placing barriers infront of w/c students leads to low self esteem
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6
Q

contempory applications of ideological state apparatus

A
  • compulsory sitting of maths and english until passing grade till 18
  • schools promoting policies e.g. having a growth mindset shift blame of underachievement of w/c kids to not trying hard enough instead of the barriers placed before them - form of legitimising inequality
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7
Q

ideological state apparatus evaluations

A
  • lack of imperial evidence suggesting ruling class look to control w/c - more theoretical
  • postmodernists suggest education is only one way of expressing ability e.g. growth of social media euntreprenurs
  • too determinitic, lots of w/c students go on to higher education + high pay jobs
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8
Q

repressive state apparatus meaning + who talks about this

A

Alhtusser - if the government fails to brainwash people they will use force/law

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9
Q

what do Bowles and Gintis believe the main role of education is

A
  • primary function of education is to reproduce the workforce by preparing next generations of workers for capitalist society via hidden curriculum, correspondance principle - indoctrinates students into world of work
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10
Q

correspondance principle meaning + who talks about this

A

Bowles and Gintis - close parallels between work and school e.g. hierarchy, lack of control, extrinsic satisfaction (working for grades/promotion), fragmentation, competition

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11
Q

how do schools legitimise inequality according to bowles and Gintis

A
  • meritocracy doesnt exist as main factor which determines a high income is family/class, education hides this which reproduces inequalities
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12
Q

contempory applications of Bowles and Gintis

A
  • uniforms mirror dress code of workplace
  • prescence of hierarchy give teachers disciplinary powers
  • development of academies - closer links to specialist areas of work
  • apprenticeships and vocational education all lead to specific jobs showing how study is becoming more similar to workplace
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13
Q

criticisms of B+G

A
  • not all students are passive puppets
  • functionalists would say these skills for work benefit society
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14
Q

what does Bourdieu argue

A

m/c students pass more cultural + social capital so can gain more qualifications

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15
Q

what is the cultural reproduction model and who talks about this

A

Bourdieu - cultural differences between individual are a result of 3 factors
* habitus = tastes, attributes of an individual
* field = cultural framework of a speicifc context
* cultural capital = value someones cultural knowledge has within a field

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16
Q

how does education lead to cultural reproduction

A

m/c gain more symbolic capital with headteachers/teachers + those involved with production of curriculum as they have similar habitus whereas w/c have less cultural capital and subjected to symbolic violence

17
Q

what inside education leads to m/c gaining more symbolic capital

A
  • language code - headteachers/ curriculum producers use elaborate code which uses complex vocabulary more in the m/c field
  • uniform is formal and based upon the preferences of the m/c
  • cultural knowledge of curriculum is selected by m/c - history is about m/c
18
Q

contempory applications of Bourdieu

A
  • OFSETD have highlighted importance of education teaching cultural capital however marxists would say they just want to pass on m/c values
  • school policies on uniform - some would say these policies are a form of covert selection to discourage w/c
  • curriculum based on m/c knowledge - little attempt to involve w/c cultures
  • teachers still have negative judgements on w/c students
19
Q

support for bourdieu

A
  • Archer found symbolic capital gained from peers for wearing nike
  • Reay - conflict between m/c habitus to help them achieve and w/c habitus of their friends = cleft habitus which impacts male self esteem
  • Sullivan found students who achieved well had an element of cultural capital at home
20
Q

what does willis state

A

learning to labour - w/c students can resist attempts to indoctrinate them - lads’ counter culture
however even when they didnt conform they still ended up in w/c jobs

21
Q

marxism criticisms

A
  • ignores gender ethnicity etc
  • not all students are obedient and passive
  • cant prove the hidden curriculum exists
  • post modernists argue education now reproduces diversity
  • there are laws that employers cant punish someone just because theyre a higher class

Sociology education (7 decks)

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