Marxism

Question 1

Marxism

Answer 1

Macro theory, structural/conflict theory. Stages of society - primitive communism (no private property), feudalism (lords exploiting serfs), capitalism (todays society)
Views on society - bourgeoise owns means of production, influence institutions, constructs norms&values, leads to false class consciousness. Capitalism will drive down wages, pauperisation, capitalism will be overthrown

A03 - crisis in capitalism not occurred, capitalism growing stronger through globalisation - more proletariat between classes.
Neo-Marxists - traditional Marxism underestimates ability of proletariat to resit bourgeoisie, peoples don’t resist and make own choices -Gramsci

Question 2

Neo-Marxist -

Althusser

Answer 2

Argues structure of capitalist society, not just made up of economic base&superstructure, made up of 3 levels:

1. Economic level - economy&production of goods
2. Political level - gov&organisations that control society (repressive state apparatus) police, army
3. Ideological level - concerned with beliefs/values spread through institutions, media, education, religion

All 3 preserves and justify power of dominant class. Each level has relative autonomy.

Question 3

Neo-Marxism -

Gramsci

Answer 3

Argues Marx places too much emphasis on economy and argues people's ideas have 'relative autonomy' from economic base
Concept of 'hegemony' places emphasis on ideas and ideologies rather than just economy 
Proletariat haven't rebelled as they have false consciousness as enforced by ruling class similar view to social action theory as it emphasises people's actions and ideas determine society