Marxism

Question 1

Capitalism ?

Answer 1

• economy private ownership of property
• Ruling class (Bourgeuise)
• Working Class (Proleteriat)

Question 2

Capitalism

how the ruling class and working class work ?

Answer 2

• R/C owns the means of production & expliot W/C who are paid a small amount, so the R/C can keep it to themselves

Question 3

View on education?

Answer 3

• jusitfy & legitimise capitalist ideology, class inequalities, alienated and exploited workers that think inequality is acceptable

Question 4

Althusser ?

Answer 4

• despite inequalities, capitalists are still able to hold power & wealth and control state

Question 5

Althusser

ideological state apparatus (ISA) ?

Answer 5

• government subconsiously control ideas

Question 6

Althusser

Repressive State Apparatus (RSA) ?

Answer 6

• when people go against ideas / opress

Question 7

Althusser

ISAs reproduce capitalist ideology ?

Answer 7

• class inequalty failing each generation of W/C pupil ensuring they get low paid jobs

Question 8

Althusser

ISAs legitimisation?

Answer 8

• convince ineuality is inevitable
• failure is individuals fault not education

Question 9

Althusser

evaluation ?

Answer 9

• Rutter; well organised schools can enable W/C pupils to move up social class
• assumes passive acceptance of capitalism

Question 10

Bowles & Gintis ?

Answer 10

• capitalism demands obidiant/passive workforce
• schooling takes place in “long shadow of work”

Question 11

Bowles & Gintis

correspondance principle?

Answer 11

• work & school are similar, serve capitalism in 4 ways:
  1. produces docile & passive workers
  2. acceptance of hierachies & authority (obey)
  3. motivation by external rewards (obey)
  4. fragmentation of subjects

Question 12

Bowles & Gintis

hidden curriculum?

Answer 12

• learnt but not directly taught EG puncual, competition

Question 13

Bowles & Gintis

Myth of Meritocracy?

Answer 13

• made to seem fair to the poor/disadvanted challenging system : blame themselves

Question 14

Bowles & Gintis

Methods link?

Answer 14

• Studied 237 members of senior year on NY high school, questionaires & found that schools rewarded submissive and compliant woker traits
• low grade: creativity, agressiveness & independance
• higher grades: perserverance, consistancy, punctuality
• compared grades & exam scores with questionaires

Question 15

Bowles & Gintis

evaluation?

Answer 15

• assumes students passively accept the attitudes & behavior taught in hidden curriculum

Question 16

Willis ?

Answer 16

• education reproduces capitalism (small scale research) meanings W/C boys attatched to education

Question 17

Willis

“learning to labour” ?

Answer 17

• At secondary school, boys dont learn anything valuable & do the bare minimum
• anti school subculture : breaking ruls & “having a laff”
• ensures failure to gaurentee suply to workers for capitalism

Question 18

Willis

methods link?

Answer 18

• unstructered group interviews & observation uncover lad’s antischool subculture
• allowed “lads” to talk freely in own words, viewed teachers & schools

Question 19

Willis

evaluation

Answer 19

some students may not give a response

Question 20

Bourdieu?

Answer 20

• reproduce the class structure & justify class inequalities

Question 21

Bourdieu

habitus?

Answer 21

• each social class posseses its own set of ideas (habitus)
• what counts as good or bad taste EG tv programmes
• socialisation in the family
• dominant class has the power to impose habitus in education system
• W/C : low habitus, R/C: high habitus

Question 22

Bourdieu

cultural capital?

Answer 22

• appropriate norms & values lead to material rewards in life
• M/C backgrounds: more acces to the culture of the dominant class
• L/C backgrounds: don’t have cultural capital: educational failure is inevitable.

Question 23

Bourdieu

evaluation?

Answer 23

• not all W/C do poorly in education system