Marxism

Question 1

What is religion a part of according to Marx and Althusser

Answer 1

It’s part of the dominant ideology and reinforces the false class consciousness (Marx). 
Saw religion as part of the ideological state apparatus (Althusser)

Question 2

What quote does Marx say about religion

Answer 2

‘Religion is the opiate of the masses’

Question 3

What are the 3 ways religion keeps the bourgeoisie stay in power

Answer 3

1. Religion promises an eventual escape from suffering with a reward in the afterlife
2. Suffering is virtuous (stops people seeking change)
3. Religion promises supernatural intervention to solve problems on earth (encourages faith in teachings)

Question 4

Why did Marx see religion as a form of alienation

Answer 4

By creating notions of an all powerful God who has control over them, the W/C are denied right to have control of their own lives. Therefore less likely to challenge their lack of control

Question 5

Why is the R/C able to stay in power because of religion

Answer 5

Because the W/C not challenging their position allows the R/C to keep exploiting them. Inequality is presented as god given, you can’t question the authority of religion or god itself

Question 6

What are criticisms of the Marxist view on religion

Answer 6

1. Marxism fails to explain secularisation; fewer than 10% of people attend church
2. Marx fails to explain existence of religion where it doesn’t appear to contribute to the oppression of a particular class (such as NAM)

Question 7

Do Marxists believe religion is a conservative force

Answer 7

Yes, it keeps the proletariat underneath the bourgeoisie