Marx Analysis

Question 1

marx’s take on the pre philosophical attitude

Answer 1

determines how we should live and organise our society

minded beings amongst others, with a world to think and genuinely know about

Question 2

define marx’s definition of labour

Answer 2

work under capitalist conditions

Question 3

define marx’s definition of externalisation

Answer 3

how humans project themselves into nature through their physical activity and produce

Question 4

how does marx view communism and capitalism

Answer 4

as a spectrum
communism offering opportunity to self realise and be freely productive
capitalism denying opp to self realise through forces activity - think of world as alien and hostile

Question 5

premise 1

Answer 5

under capitalism, work alienated from ones produce, world and activity
- forces to live and work in certain ways making it seem hostile

Question 6

premise 2

Answer 6

under capitalism, work alienates from oneself
-deprived of opp to resist external powers
-work doesnt satisfy own needs
-actions belong to someone else
inner most alienations
-divided from oneself (alien) and divided against oneself (hostile)

Question 7

premise 3

Answer 7

to be alienated in these ways is to be deprived of a genuinely human existence

share basic needs with animals - eating, drinking and procreating BUT do so in complex manner - for fun intimacy and social

alienation strips us of freedom to perform in humanly manner and therefor do so as animals

Question 8

conclusion

Answer 8

work under capitalism deprives one of a genuinely human existence
- placed in concentric rings of alienation

Question 9

what is a genuinely human existence

Answer 9

to actively self realise

exercise abilities born with and abilities can aquire freely and without restraint

Question 10

why is exploitation not alienating according to Marx

Answer 10

a system may be exploitative but not alienating ie feudalism - still reminded of who they are as born into roles despite being subject to another person

Question 11

why is capitalism worse than expoitative feudalism

Answer 11

identity is not affirmed when subject to another because the other holds the tools for the job
without dependence on another, they could not perform the activiy
displaces their identity

Question 12

is marx’s analysis valid/sound

Answer 12

form:
p= under cap work alienates from produce, world, acitivty and oneself
Q= to be alienated in such a way is to be deprived of a genuinely human existence
p=Q - those under capitalism are deprived of a genuinely human existence
VALID
not sound - premises are generalised, exagerated and unrealistic

Question 13

how is man divided from his produce

Answer 13

does not belong to him

exercises power over him

Question 14

how is man divided from the world

Answer 14

both the raw material for transformation into produce and the collectivity of produce. Both are alien to him: they are opposed and hostile to him.

Question 15

how is man divided from his activity

Answer 15

does not belong to him, independent of him and directed against him

Question 16

how is man divided from his desires

Answer 16

he does not choose them - imposed on him
wants things he does not necessarily want to want; he does not identify with or endorse his desires; his desires seem to master him; his desires seem confused, puzzling, mysterious; his desires seem to lead him to unhappiness, dissatisfaction.

Question 17

how is man divided from himself

Answer 17

the life and essence that make him the individual he is, and make him a member of the human species - alien to him: only a means to the satisfaction of a need, his existence (and merely his physical existence).

Question 18

how is man divided from his body

Answer 18

part of nature, of the world which is already alien to him.

Question 19

how is man divided from other humans

Answer 19

they are opposed to him as he is opposed to himself