Martin: Eye Flashcards
Clinical features of BCC
- Most common malignant tumor of periocular skin
- Pearly nodules, telangiectatic vessels, central ulcers (rodent)
- Peripheral palisading of nuclei
What is the signifigance of uveal melanoma?
Oncogenes?
- Uveal melanoma = MC primary intraocular tumor
- GNAQ & GNA11 oncogenes
Morphology of Uveal Melanoma?
Epitheliod = worse prognosis
Large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, infiltrating plasma cells and lymph
What is the signifigance of corneal transplants?
Corneal stroma lack BVs and lymphatics
Transplants lack rejection
What are the risk factors of Cataracts?
DM, Wilson diz, atopic dermatitis, corticosteroids, radiation, trauma
What is the pathogenesis of Cataracts?
Opacification of the lens nucleus = nuclear sclerosis
What is the pathogenesis of Phacolytic Glaucoma?
Morganian cataract: liquid lens cortex
Proteins from liquid lens clog trabecular meshwork
Causing 2nd open angle glaucoma (phacolysis)
Define the 2 types of glaucoma
- Open angle: open access to trabelcular meshwork, but drainage is clogged. Gradual pressure inc over time
- Angle-closure: iris adheres to trabecular meshwork, & physcially blocks outflow
What 2 genes might lead to open-angle glaucoma?
- Primary open angle: MYOC gene mut in YA
- Secondary open angle: LOX1 gene mut causes pseudoexfoliation
What are risk factors for glaucoma?
- Age, race, fmhx
- DM
- HTN
- Long steroid use
What gene and chromo is assc with Retinoblastoma?
RB gene
Chromo 13q14
How does RB present?
Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)
Strabismus
Ocular inflammation
Pseudohypopron (cells escape and form nodule on iris)
What indicates poor prognosis with RB?
Invasion of optic nerve
MC mets: skull bones, brain, spinal cord
Histo of RB?
Round/oval/spindle shaped hyperchromatic nuclei w scant cytoplasm
Flexner-Wintersteiner: characterisitic of RB. Single row of eosinophilic columnar cells w nuclei around periphery that all surround central lumen
