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Biology > Martin > Flashcards

Martin Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

double stranded helix containing codes for making proteins/RNA

A

DNA

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2
Q

a structure, consisting of DNA wrapped around proteins that carries genes

A

chromosomes

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3
Q

DNA wrapped around proteins that is NOT condenses;

A

chromatin

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4
Q

two identical chromatids joined at the centromere

A

sister chromatids

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5
Q

constricted area on the chromosome where the spindle attaches

A

centromere

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6
Q

have the same appearance and carry the same genes

A

homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

chromosome that does not contain a sex determining gene

A

autosome

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8
Q

a DNA sequence with a known function (encoding a protein or regulator

A

gene

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9
Q

alternative form of a gene

A

allele

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10
Q

if a gene is copied and made into an mRNA and protein

A

Expressed

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11
Q

the spot on a chromosome where a gene resides

A

locus

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12
Q

the actual gene makeup of an individual or trait

A

genotype

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13
Q

the physical appearance for a trait

A

phenotype

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14
Q

Having only one set of the genome in the cell

A

haploid

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15
Q

having two sets of chromosomes in the cell

A

diploid

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16
Q

a body cell; is diploid; contains 2 sets of chromosomes

A

Somatic cell

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17
Q

gametes sperm and egg

A

reproductive cells

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18
Q

homozygous dominant for two traits

A

AABB

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19
Q

genes carried on the X and Y chromosomes

A

sex-linked

20
Q

heterozygote produces a phenotype intermediate to homozygous

A

incomplete dominance

21
Q

both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote

A

codominance

22
Q

one gene masks the effects of another gene

A

epistasis

23
Q

one gene has several phenotypic effects

A

pleiotrophy

24
Q

cross between a dominant individual and a recessive parent to determine the genotype of the dominant individual

A

test cross

25
Q

graph or map of the inheritance within a family. If given the pedigree

A

Pedigree

26
Q

shows different allele combinations in egg on one axis

A

punnett’s square

27
Q

representation of all the chromosomes of a dividing cell displayed from largest to smallest

A

karyotype

28
Q

trait determined by two or more genes

A

polygenic

29
Q

the process of a DNA strand duplicating itself into two identical strands

A

replication

30
Q

the process of synthesizing an RNA strand from a DNA strand

A

transcription

31
Q

the synthesizing of a protein from a mature mRNA strand

A

translation

32
Q

place on the DNA where helicase binds and replication begins

A

origin of replication

33
Q

enzyme that breaks, swivels, and rejoins strands ahead of the replication fork

A

topoisomerase

34
Q

enzyme to untwist the double helix at the fork

A

helicase

35
Q

proteins that bind to each strand of the DNA to keep the bubble open

A

single stranded binding proteins

36
Q

enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to DNA nucleotides on okasaki fragments in bacteria

A

DNA polymerase I

37
Q

enzyme that forms most of the daughter strands of DNA in replication in bacteria

A

DNA polymerase II

38
Q

joins okasaki fragments on the lagging strand

A

DNA ligase

39
Q

a complementary copy of a section of DNA, carries a codon used to make a protein

A

mRNA

40
Q

nucleic acid that carries the amino acids to the ribosome to synthesize a protein

A

tRNA

41
Q

enzyme that makes pre-mRNA from the DNA template

A

RNA polymerase

42
Q

proteins the form the initiation complex along with RNA polymerase in transcription

A

transcription factors

43
Q

where rRNAs enter with amino acids attached

A

A site

44
Q

where tRNA resides that contains the growing polypeptide chain

A

P site

45
Q

exit site

A

E site

Biology (4 decks)

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