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Biology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enzymes speed up reactions by

A

lowering the activation energy necessary to initiate the reaction

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2
Q

Which of the following factors may alter the function of an enzyme?

A

Cofactors, pH, and temperature

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3
Q

The sum total of all reactions that occur within a cell is referred to as

A

metabolism

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4
Q

inorganic ions temporarily bound to an enzyme in order to promote a chemical reaction are known as

A

cofactors

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5
Q

which of the following describes some aspect of metabolism

A

synthesis of macromolecules, breakdown of macromolecules, and control of enzyme activity

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6
Q

which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into small ones?

A

catabolism

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7
Q

how can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

add a catalyst

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8
Q

which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?

A

enzymes increase the rate of a reaction

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9
Q

Substance A functions as a(n)

A

allosteric inhibitor

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10
Q

Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because

A

their enzymes have high optimal temperatures

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11
Q

Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytoplasm?

A

glycolysis

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12
Q

The net products of glycolysis are

A

2 PYR 2 ATP 2 NADH

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13
Q

When muscle becomes anaerobic during strenuous exercise, why is it necessary to convert pyruvate to lactic acid?

A

To decrease NADH & increase NAD

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14
Q

When oxygen is utilized to synthesize ATP, this is known as

A

Aerobic respiration

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15
Q

Which of the following occurs in the cytosol?

A

glycolysis

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16
Q

Which one of the following is not a product of the citric acid cycle?

A

H_2_o

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17
Q

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

A

Accepting electrons & H+ a the end of the electron transport chain

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18
Q

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent?

A

glycolysis

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19
Q

in glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

A

2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 are produced

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20
Q

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

A

2

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21
Q

all of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle except

A

adding electrons & H+ to O2

22
Q

how mmany molecules of CO2 would be produced by 5 turns of the citric acid cycle

A

10

23
Q

Co2 is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

A

transistion reaction & citric acid cycle

24
Q

cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following?

A

electron transport system

25
Q

in the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of

A

ATP, CO2, alcohol

26
Q

The water necessary for photosynthesis

A

provides the electrons to replace lost electrons in photosystem II

27
Q

The cyclic electron flow that occurs via photosystem I produces

A

ATP

28
Q

During the first phase of the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into RuBP by

A

rubisco

29
Q

The NADPH produced during the light reaction is necessary for

A

reduction producing carbohydrates inthe calvin cycle

30
Q

oxygen released by plants during photosynthesis comes from

A

H2O

31
Q

Which of the following organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plants & algae

A

chloroplasts

32
Q

TF-The calvin cycle reactions are sometimes referred to as the dark reaction because they can occur in the presence of wavelengths of visible light

A

false

33
Q

Organisms that can exist with light as an energy source & an inorganic form of carbon & other raw materials

A

are called phototrophs

34
Q

which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

A

ATP & NADPH

35
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

Stroma

36
Q

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visable light are not being absorbed by this pigment

A

red and yellow

37
Q

during photosynthesis, visable light has enough energy to

A

excite electrons

38
Q

which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are true?

A

a,b,c are true

39
Q

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

A

synthesize simple sugars from CO2

40
Q

in which phase are chromosomes replicated?

A

S

41
Q

A replicated chromosome is composed of

A

2 sister chromatids held together at the centromere

42
Q

during crossing over in meiosis I

A

homologous chromosomes exchange material

43
Q

The process by which haploid cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid is most accurately referred to as

A

meiosis

44
Q

TF- during cytokinesis, plant cells form a cleavage furrow & animal cells form a cell plate

A

false

45
Q

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during

A

anaphase 1

46
Q

which of the following forms of mutation does not alter chromosome structure?

A

Inversion, deletion, duplication and translocation

47
Q

All of the following occur during prophase of mitosis in animal cells except

A

the chromosomes are replicated

48
Q

during which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two chromatids

A

from G2 of interphase through metaphase

49
Q

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I

A

homologous chromosomes are separated

50
Q

which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis

A

alignment of tetrads at metaphase plate & synapsis

Biology (4 decks)

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