Marrow Flashcards
Doc for invasive aspergillosis
Voriconazol
Presentations of aspergillus infections
Invasive aspergillosis
Allergic bronchopulm asper.
Otomycosis
Mycotic keratitis
Aseptate molds
Rhizopus mucor luchtheimia
Aseptate molds
Rhizopus mucor luchtheimia
Septate molds
Penicillium dermatophytes aspergillus fusarium
Septate molds
Penicillium dermatophytes aspergillus fusarium
Dichotomous branching at acute angle seen in
Filaments stained by
Aspergillus
PAS
Exists as trophocyte form with clear cytoplasm
Outer Chitinus and inner cellulose layer
Rhinosporidium seeberi
zika virus fatality rate
8%
zika virus transmission by(4)
ades
verticle
sexual
blood transfusion
petecheal rash or maculopapular rash seen in
petecheal in dengue
maculopapular in zika
complications of zika (2)
gbs
fetal microcephaly
fever with arthralgia
conjunctivitis
novobiocin sensitive CONS
staph saphrophyticus
staph xylosus
bets diagnostic test for uti
pour plate culture
screening test for uti
1 griess (nitrate reduction ) test
2 leucocyte esterase test
3 nitrate reduction test
4 catalase test
quantitative test for uti
1 pour olate method
2 standardized loop technique
toxoplasma definitive host
which cycle
what types
cat
enteric cycle
both schizogony and gametogony
exoenteric cycle of toxoplasma occurs in
intermediate hosts mammals
humans
bias due to case being attentive
hawthorne
bias seen in cc/rct/cohort
selection
bias due to selection from hospitals
berkensonian
bias due to preference of researcher
pygmalion
known confounders can be removed by
matching
blinding
standardized randomization
unknown confounders removed by
randomization
blinding
matching removes what
known confounder
selection bias removed by
randomization
blinding
ppv formula
a\a+b
npv formula
d/c+d
cer formula
c/c+d
eer formula
a/a+b in outcome vs treatment(vertical)
absolute risk reduction formula
cer-eer
nnt formula
1/arr
GB cancer above muscle layer stage and mx
T1a
simple cholecystectomy
GB cancer below muscle layer stage and mx
T1b
radical cholecystectomy fb gemcitabine
GB cancer stage T2 T3 T4 mx
T2 radical cholecystectomy fb gemcitabine
T3/T4 gemcitabine fb sx if good response and palliative in bad response
paradoxical Carrier is
Carrier that acquires infection from another carrier
Incubatory carrier
Carriers that shed infections in incubation.
Convalescent carrier
Carriers that shed infections in convalescent phase
Healthy carriers
Carriers that do not suffer from disease
Incubation period Multiple exposures
Multiple incubation periods
Pivotal studies are which phase of drug trial
Phase 3
Establish treatment benefits
How to differentiate between propagated and common Source exposure
Common source less duration propagated Person to person prolonged duration
Preclinical trials conducted on
Animals
Does not require Good clinical practise
Primary endpoint and secondary endpoint in Drug trials Denotes what
Primary endpoint denotes purpose and secondary endpoint denotes outcome
Confirmation of effectiveness and monitoring of adverse effects in which phase of Drug trial
Phase 3
Guidelines for therapeutic use are formulated in which phase of drug trial
Phase 3
File drawer effect seen in
due to
Meta analysis
due to Publication bias Due to Suppression of important information
Apple and oranges effect seen in
due to
Seen in meta analysis
due to selection bias
Validity of meta analysis is dependent on
Quality of systemic review and original data
only cestode with operculated ess
D. latum
infection + megaloblastic anemia
D. latum
only cestode with 2 IH
D. latum
cyclops and fish
fish tape worm
D. latum
DH of D. latum
humans
ileum infestation by which worms
D. latum
B12 deficiency by which worm
D. latum
diarrhea dermatitis dementia appendicial mass
carcinoid synd niacin deficiency
depression dvt diabetes dermatitis pancreatic mass
glucaganoma
diarrhea dermatitis dementia alopecia hypogonadism
zn deficiency acrodermatitis enteropathica
necrotizing migratory erythema seen in
dm
serotonin derived from
tryptophan
niacin derived fron
tryptophan
mcc of maternal mortality in india
hemorrhage sepsis obstruction hypertensive
mmp calculated till when after top
42 days
mmr multiplied by what
1,00,000
indicator to measure overall burden of disease
DALY
both mortality and disability is measured by which indicator
DALY
indicator for cost effectiveness of intervention
QALY
indicators used to compare living standard in diff countries
HDI
cyclophosphamide derivative causing bladder ca
phosphoramide mustard
live vaccines are not given in
radiation therapy
pregnancy
vaccine not given in symptomatic hiv pt
BCG
vaccine not given in evolving neuro symptoms
pertussis containing vaccines
vaccines not given in egg allergy
influenza
yf
which among opv and ipv are killed and live`
opv sabin is live
ipv salk is killed
rabies is killed or live
killed
polysaccharide vaccines
typhoid(vi)
S
H
I
N
npv ppv are dependent on what of disease
prevelance
accuracy/validity of screening test depends on
sensitivity specificity predictive values
pretest probablity by
prevelance
diagnostic power of screening test by
ppv
true negative rate by
specificity
ability to correctly identify those without disease
specificity
consistent results of test when repeated indicates
reliability
ppv is proportional to what
prevelance
ZP is lost on
5th day
implantation window
6th to 10th days
implantation ends
11th day
acc to acog top normally done by
after or at 41 weeks
Pre-term pregnancy
37 weeks
Early-term pregnancy
37-38+6
Full-term pregnancy
39 - 40+6
Late-term pregnancy
41-41+6
Post-term pregnancy
> =42
gtpal method p is?
preterm
abortion before?
20 weeks
grand multi said when
4 or more previous
multi para said when
2 or more previous
viability period in india
28 weks
frozen cycle formula
D3 transfer edd= lmp+263
Rhythmic uterine contraction seen in which sign
palmer sign
uterus reaches At the level of umbilicus at
22 weeks
uterus after delivey reduces when
how much
24 hrs after D2
1 fingerbreadth/day
welcome sign aka
lightening sign
fetal skull on x ray (c/i) seen at
16 weeks
what is decidua vera
decidua capsularis+parietalis
when is decidua vera fused
14 to 16 weeks
in pih height of uterus is less than or more than pog
less than
in molar pregnancy height of uterus is less than or more than pog
more than pog
which umbilical vessel degenerates
ruv degerates
Drug used to treat polyhydramnios
indonethacin
in abortion mc group of cause
endocrinopathies >
smallest diameter pelvis
bispinous/ischeal
Area b/w plane of greatest
dimension & least dimension.
midpelvis
contracted pelvis management
c section
formula for obstetric conjugate
diagonal- (1.5-2)
angle of inclination
55
inlet makes with floor
heart shaped pelvis
android
ap>tr in
anthropoid
quickening at?
primi 18-20
multi 16-18
growth scan done at
32-34 wks
placental localization at
third trimester
viability scan /dating done at
6-8 wks
nuchal translucency at
11-13
anomaly scan target scan at
18-20 wks till22
fetal echo done at
for
22-24 wks
for cvs anomalies=rubella ttts pre gestational dm
crl can be done till
till
most accurate at
11 wks +6 days
<84 mm
7-9 wks
Single best USG parameter for fetal growth
abdominal circumference
abdominal circumference for macrosomia
> 35cm
can vbac be done in macrosomic patient with previous h/o c section
relative c/i
min level of hcg at which gestational sac can be seen
1000
cut of ot crl for cardiac activity
7mm
ablighted ovum/missed abortion/anembryonic pregnancy loss seen when crl and mean sac diameter
crl _nt
msd >=25
Best biochemical marker in NTD
acetyl choline esterase
Brain tissue exposed sign is
seen in
shower cap sign
anencephaly
