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Women Of The Medieval World: 1100 - 1400 > Marriage, Sex, And Motherhood > Flashcards

Marriage, Sex, And Motherhood Flashcards

1
Q

Women took the statuses of…

A

Their husbands, like a personality transfer

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2
Q

Women were trained for marriage, especially if…

A

It was to someone of a higher status. Training started at a younger age for queens and empresses.

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3
Q

An example of a marriage training guide is the 14th century…

A

Parisian “Book of the Good Man of Paris” which included recipes and etiquette guides

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4
Q

Married women had no legal…

A

Status or existence of her own

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5
Q

Women were considered the property of…

A

Their husbands

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6
Q

If a husband travelled for work, his wife…

A

Legally ‘was’ him in terms of running business and paying taxes

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7
Q

In 1215 marital banns legally had to be public, as introduced by…

A

Pope Innocent III at the Lateran Council

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8
Q

Public marital banns were introduced to stop…

A

Clandestine marriages and multiple proposals

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9
Q

The primary purpose of marriage was…

A

Having children

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10
Q

Time and age of marriage was class-based; royal and aristocratic girls…

A

Usually got married earlier for political reasons, the less privileged classes usually didn’t get married until their twenties

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11
Q

Despite its theological legitimacy, many writers held that…

A

Marriage was second best to clerical celibacy or that it curtailed men’s liberties

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12
Q

Perpetual virginity was the…

A

Ideal

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13
Q

Ecclesiasticals considered sex to be a necessary but…

A

Undesirable way of maintaining the species

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14
Q

Marriage was the only licit and proper outlet for…

A

Sex as it was performed for the reason of procreation

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15
Q

Married couples were technically restricted as to when they could…

A

Actually even fuck

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16
Q

Ecclesiastical regulations took the liturgical calendar into consideration as…

A

A sex diary

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17
Q

Sex was not allowed on…

A

Wednesdays, Fridays, advent, lent, or any other religious holiday

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18
Q

Gratian’s Decretum said it was the choice of…

A

The couple as to whether they did the do on holy days

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19
Q

Sex was discouraged when a woman was…

A

Menstruating, pregnant, or breastfeeding/nursing

20
Q

Male clerical elites denounced creativity in the bedchamber, the prescribed…

A

The missionary position and denounced all others

21
Q

The poet Robert de Blois acknowledged that women enjoyed sex in his poem…

A

The Ladies’ Instruction, where describes breasts as an erogenous zone

22
Q

It was acknowledged that widows felt sexual desire in…

A

Thirteenth century medical texts, which offered a remedy of stuffing musk-soaked cotton up the vag

23
Q

Birth control was not unknown. Some common methods were…

A
  • coitus imterruptus

- weasel bollocks in a velvet bag between the breasts

24
Q

Motherhood differed between serfs, free peasants, aristocracy, and royalty. All had…

A

Complicated family structures

25
Q

The complicated family structures of royalty and aristocracy were that…

A
  • the lord chose a guardian for underage children
  • guardianship of children could be sold
  • men automatically had guardianship of children if their mother’s died
26
Q

The complicated family structures of serfs and free peasants were…

A
  • if a serf woman married a free peasant his previous and new children would become serfs
  • legally free peasant women technically produced free children
27
Q

Giving birth was a woman’s job. Male physicians sometimes offered…

A

Advice, but all physical aid came from other women

28
Q

It was believed that women suffered in birth for…

A

Religious reasons. God punished Eve and therefore all women by making them suffer labour pains.

29
Q

Women experienced extremely painful labour because…

A

There were no antiseptics, painkillers, or anaesthetic so many died due to complications in childbirth or of infections afterwards

30
Q

Archaeological remains show premature infants…

A

Or mothers with foetuses in situ

31
Q

In return for an easy birth, many pregnant women would…

A

Call on saints for aid and promise their child to religion

32
Q

Sickly and still born babies were often deposited in front of…

A

Images on altars or saints’ tombs to cure them

33
Q

Aristocratic and royal women had religious privilege in childbirth…

A
  • they had access to Marian relics that reputedly eased childbirth
  • Virgin Mary’s girdle, enshrined at Westminster Abbey, was often loaned to royal women
34
Q

Women in childbirth often prayed to Saint Margaret of Antioch, who was a…

A

Fourth century feisty virgin of dubious authority, whose legend dates back to the ninth century

35
Q

Saint Margaret of Antioch’s legend stated that…

A

She emerged from a dragon’s belly (a motif for childbirth) and, before she was beheaded, prayed God give all women healthy children

36
Q

Women in childbirth often had the story of Saint Margaret of Antioch…

A

Read to them, a copy of it placed on their body, or its accompanying prayer was inscribed on cheese or bread and fed to the mother-to-be

37
Q

Infertility was regarded as a punishment for…

A

Sin

38
Q

Children were often given away to alleviate…

A

Financial pressure.

  • newborns were left in public places
  • religious institutes had baby deposit boxes
39
Q

Leaving a baby at a monastery or convent was often…

A

Criticised by many ecclesiasticals

40
Q

Mothers were meant to concern themselves with…

A

The spiritual and physical welfare of their children

41
Q

The Christian rite of baptism was…

A

Of paramount importance for the spiritual welfare of children

42
Q

Baptism could occur in non-traditional circumstances, such as…

A
  • sickly babies could be instantly baptised by midwives after birth
  • if a mother gave birth alone she could baptise her dying baby if there was no other option
43
Q

There were high morality rates. As many as…

A

30% of children died before the age of seven

44
Q

The Liber Manualis was written to prepare…

A

The son of a Frankish noblewoman named Dhoudah for the future

45
Q

Christine Pizan commissioned the…

A

Enseignemens Moraux for her eldest son - it was a traditional moral guidebook with a few original contributions

Women Of The Medieval World: 1100 - 1400 (9 decks)

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