marriage and cohabitation Flashcards

1
Q

how many people who get married have lived together first?

A

2/3

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2
Q

marriage and cohabitation between people of the same gender have become…

A

increasingly common and accepted in both mainstream culture and law

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3
Q

many american marriages are what types of marriages?

A

remarriages

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4
Q

couples increasingly pair up by…

A

education level

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5
Q

who is marriage more common for?

A

people with college degrees

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6
Q

who is less likely to be poor?

A

married couples

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7
Q

what have weakened the ties of marriage?

A

the growth of individualism and the goals of individual self-expression and fulfillment

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8
Q

law increasingly treats people as _____ regardless of marriage status?

A

individuals

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9
Q

what trends have marriage rates followed since the 1960s?

A

falling dramatically

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10
Q

where are the most dramatic differences in marriage rates?

A

between racial-ethnic groups

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11
Q

what group has experienced the most rapid and pronounced decline?

A

African Americans

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12
Q

how many years could an average american living in 1960 expect to be married for? how about now

A

was 29 out of 37 years between ages 18 and 55, now 18

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13
Q

why have marriage rates fallen?

A
  • young people postpone marriage because they idealize it more
  • delay marriages because they want a better marriage
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14
Q

why have marriage rates fallen? (specifically among the poor and working class)

A

a sense of insecurity and uncertainty

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15
Q

increased earning power has boosted… and therefore…

A

women’s independence; they might not have or perceive an economic need for marriage

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16
Q

who is more likely to marry?

A

men and women with higher incomes due to the marriage market

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17
Q

for the economically insecure…

A

marriage may seem like a commitment that brings more burden than benefit

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18
Q

about the baby boom

A
  • prolonged pike in birth rates from the mid-1940s through the early-1960s
  • women marrying men about 3 years older
  • posed a “marriage squeeze” about 25 years later
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19
Q

what was the result of the baby boom?

A

lower marriage rate for women

20
Q

what caused the marriage squeeze for black women?

A
  • in the 70s and 80s, industrial manufacturing jobs became scarcer
  • men without college degrees have a hard time finding steady work
  • incarceration of young black men
21
Q

why do people still get married?

A

incentives: governments offer rights and benefits to married couples
social pressure
imitation

22
Q

marriage market

A

the social space in which people search for potential marriage partners

23
Q

what criteria must there be to define marriage as a market?

A

marriage must be voluntary and there must be competition for spouses

24
Q

who advanced the marketplace concept?

A

economist Gary Becker

25
Q

what percent of marriages in the US involve people from different major racial or ethnic groups?

A

1960 - 2%
2021 - 20% (still low in our diverse society)

26
Q

of all married couples in 2022, how many were comprised of spouses with either both a bachelor’s or both without?

A

77%

27
Q

what is the concept of marrying the same education level?

A

educational matching; it reflects the modern ideal of marriage as a companionship of equals, with compatible tastes, pursuing individual goals

28
Q

how many same-sex married-couple households does the census bureau report?

A

700,000, or less than 1% of all married couples

29
Q

since 1970, the amount of people who report their marriages as “very happy” is…

A

just over 60%

30
Q

on average, who is happier in their marriage?

A

men

31
Q

what race is most likely to say they have a happy marriage? who is least likely?

A

white people, black women

32
Q

what likely increases the average happiness of married people?

A

supportive relationships and companionship

33
Q

causality of are married people happy?

A

happier people may be more attractive as marriage partners, better at developing relationships, and better at keeping the marriage from breaking up

34
Q

why do married people have more assets?

A

richer people are more likely to get married

35
Q

selection effect

A

the problem that occurs when the cause being studied has already been determined by the outcome that is under investigation

36
Q

what are the three sources of marriage benefits?

A

behavioral changes or responsibility
cooperation
social status

37
Q

since the 1990s, welfare policy has tried to…

A

motivate poor women into marriages

38
Q

also in 1990, what was happening with gay rights?

A

started demanding access to marriage as many states specifically banned it

39
Q

what did congress pass in 1996?

A

defense of marriage act

40
Q

what dd the Supreme Court do in 2013?

A

overturned the defense against marriage statute and ordered the federal government to recognize same-sex marriages legally performed in the states

41
Q

what did the supreme court do in 2015?

A

passed obergefell v hodges, which ordered all states to allow same-sex marriage

42
Q

cohabitation

A

living together as a sexual or romantic couple without being married

43
Q

before marriage cohabitation

A

most common form; proving ground for the relationship or deliberate delay

44
Q

cohabitation instead of marriage

A

temporary or permanent; against married, or excluded from traditional marriage, compromise between partners

45
Q

cohabitation after marriage

A

divorced or widowed; cohabitation is increasingly common among older adults, and most of them have been divorced, older people may be interested in protecting their assets