gender Flashcards
sex
one’s biological category, male or female, based on anatomy and physiology
gender
the social realization of biological sex
gender identity
the identification with the social category boy/man or girl/woman
gender expression
one’s pattern of outward behavior in relation to common standards of a gender category
nonbinary
a gender identity that is neither wholly female nor wholly male
transgender
people whose gender identity does not match their assigned sex
what is the origin of sex categories?
anatomical and hormonal patterns
why are boys and girls, women and men, not seen as opposite sexes?
they share more similarities than differences; differences are based on observable and average physical differences
sexual dimorphism
physical differences between the sexes
humans exhibit a ____ level of sexual dimorphism
low
intersex
a condition in which a person’s chromosomal composition does not correspond with their sexual anatomy at birth, or the anatomy is not clearly male or female
most common forms of intersex
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- XX but more than usual androgens, atypical genitalia
male androgen insensitivity
- male chromosomes, female genitalia
gender affirming care
care or treatment to support or affirm an individual’s gender identity
biological explanations for family behavior are often inspired by what view of society?
structural functionalist view
most social scientists integrate biological and social perspectives to study what?
change and variation
socialization
the process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure into their own personality
gender socialization is a lifelong process of learning of:
norms, rules and beliefs
ways to adapt to get along with others
by age 3, what are the clear differences between boys and girls?
girls tend to prefer toys that involve nurturing and caring, boys tend to prefer power tools, weapons, cars
interactive circles of socialization
family, local context, and cultural context
occupational gender segregation
women are more likely to be employed in occupations that are closely associated with domestic work, there are differences in what men and women study in school, discrimination and socialization interact at all levels
the gender pay gap
among full0time workers in all occupations in 2022, women’s median earnings were 83% of men’s
