Marketing Flashcards
Customer base Market Target market Customer Consumer Industrial market Business environment
Group of cus. that repeatedly purchase g and s of a busi.
Cus. or cons. that are interested in buying a product and have financial resources to do so.
Individual or organisation identified by a busi. as a cus. or cons. of its products.
An Individual or busi. that buy g and s from a busi
The final user of a product
Market for g and s bought by other busi to use in their production process
Combination of internal and external factor that influence the operation of the busi.
Niche market Mass market Market segment Market segmentation Geographic segmentation Demographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation
Develop a product to a small segment of market
Sell the same product to the whole market
Part of the whole market in which cons. has specific characteristics.
Dividing the whole market into segments by cons.characteristics and then targeting different products to each segment
Dividing cons in the market by geographical area
Dividing cons in the market by factors such as age, gender, ethnic background, income and social class
Dividing cons in the market by personalities, lifestyles and attitudes
Market research Unique selling point Market orientated Product orientated Primary research Secondary research
The process of collecting, recording and analysing the data about the cus. competitor andarket of a product.
The special feature of a product that set it apart from other competitor product
Product are developed based on cons. demand as identified by market research
Firm decide what to produce and try to find buyers for the product
The collection of first hand data for specific use of the bus.
The collection of data from the second sources.
Quantitative research Qualitative research Sample Primary too ex. use sampling 1 quota sampling 2 stratified sampling 3 random sampling
Collection of numerical data that can be analysed using statistical technique
Collection of data about the cus buying behaviour and their opinion about the product
A representative sample of the target market selected to take part in market research.
Start up capital Working capital Non current asset Capital expenditure Long term finance Short term finance Retained profit
Capital needed by an entrepreneur when first starting up a business.
Capital needed to pay day to day expenses and short term debt. Example..
Asset that the busi expect to use for more than one year. Ex..
Money spent on purchasing non current asset such as…
Debt use to finance expansion plan and purchasing of NCA. busi is not expected to repay in less than five years.
Loans given by lender to the busi. Busi expect to repay within one year.
Profit that is remaining after tax, dividend and expenses have all been paid. It is ploughed back into the busi.
Overdraft Trade receivable Debt factoring Bank loan Leasing
An agreement with the bank that allows the busi to spend more money than the busi. has in its bank account. Need to repay withing 12 months
The amount the credit cus. owed to the busi. Theses cus buy good on credit
Selling trade receivable to a company to improve busi liquidity
Provision of finance by the bank to purchase NCA or finance the expansion plan of the busi. Need to repay with interest over an agreed period of time
Obtaining use of a NCA by paying instalments to the leasing company over a fixed period of time. Ownership remains with the leasing company
Hire purchase Mortgage Debenture Share issue Equity finance Micro finance Crowd funding
Purchasing a NCA by paying an instalment over a fixed period of time. The asset is owned by the purchasing company after the completion of final repayment.
Long term loan used for the purchase of land and building
A bond issued by the busi to raise long term finance usually at a fixed rate of interest.
A permanent capital to limited company
Permanent capital provided by the owners of a Ltd company.
Provide a small amount of capital loaned to the entrepreneurs in countries where busi. finances are hard to obtain. Need to repay within a very short period of time
Finance a busi idea by obtaining a small amount of capital from a large crowd of people. Used Internet and social media networks.
MNC Host country Domestic country Globalisation Quota Tariffs Trade bloc
An organisation that has operation in more than one country
Foreign country where the MNC operates in
The country where the MNC first established its operations
The process by which countries are connected with each other because of trade of goods and services
The physical limit of the amount of goods that can be imported and exported
Tax charged on imported and exported goods
A group of countries that trade with each other and are usually part of a free trade agreement
Exchange rate
Appreaciation
Depreciation
Balance of payment
The rate at which one country’s currency can be exchanged for that of another.
A currency is said to appreciate if its value of currency increases with respect to another
A currency is said to depreciate if its value of currency goes down with respect to another
The difference between the value of imported and exported goods and services over a year.
Externality Sustainable development Pressure group Social benefit Social cost Cost benefit analysis
The effect of business decisions on unrelated parties
A business is said to be sustainable if it has an overall positive impact on the environment and its stakeholder, ensuring its survival in the future
A group of like-minded people that put pressure on government and business and try to influence them in terms of decision-making.
The positive impact of the busi on the society
The negative impact of the busi on teh society
The analysis of the cost and benefit of a project, the focus being on the social cost and benefit.
Recession Inflation Level of unemployment GDP Tax Interest rate Direct tax Indirect tax Disposable income
The economy shrinks in size. Unemployment rate rises and m there is a falling demand of g and s
The increase in value of g and s over a time
The percentage of a population that are capable of working but could not find a job
The value of all g and s produced by a country in a year
Money charged on income and g and s. Money will be use by the govern. for reinvestment.
Money charge on the amount an individual or a busi loaned from a lender.
Tax charged on personal income or tax on the profit earned by a busi.
Tax charged on the price of g and s, which is added to the price of g and s before they are bought
Amount of income left after all the taxes have been paid
Gross profit margin Profit margin Adding value Return on capital employed Liquidity Current ratio Acid test ratio
Ratio between gross profit and revenue
Ratio between profit before tax and revenue
The difference between the cost of bought in material and selling price of a product
Ratio between profit and capital employed
A measure of how well the busi is able to pay day to day expenses and short term debt
Ratio between current asset and current liability
Ratio between liquid asset and current liability
Gross profit Profit Total cost Revenue Cost of sales Expenses Income statement
Difference between revenue an cost of sales
Difference between revenue and total cost
Cost of sales plus expenses
The amount earned from the sales of a product
The cost of purchasing the goods used to make the products sold
day to day operating expenses of a business
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Financial statement that records the revenue, cost of sales and profit of a business for a given period of time.
Statement of financial position Asset Liabilities Trade receivable Trade payable NCA NCL CA CL Owner equity Shareholder equity
Accounting statement records the asset, liabilities and owner’s equity of a busi at a particular date
All the resources owned by the business
Dets or loans that the busi. expects to pay to the lenders
The amount the credit customers owe to the busi. They buy goods on credit
The amount the busi. owes to the credit suppliers. The busi buy goods on credit.
Resources that the busi owns and expects to use for more than one year
Debts of the busi that will be payable for more than one year
Resources that are more liquid than non current asset and expects to use up within a year.
Debts that the busi is expected to clear before the date of the next statement of financial position
The amount the busi owes to the owner’s, including capital and retained profits
An alternative term of owner equity, but can only be used by limited liability companies
Credit sales Cash flow forecast Net cash flow Infrastructure Government incentives
Goods sold to cus who will pay for these at an agreed date in the future
An estimate of the cash inflow and cash outflow
Cash inflow minus cash outflow
The basic facilities, services and installations needed for a business to function such as power, water and transport link
Usually finance such as grants and interest free loans provided to a busi to help when locating in a country or in an area of a coutry.
