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marketing 327 > Marketing 327 exam 2 > Flashcards

Marketing 327 exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Raw materials

A

unprocessed extractive or agricultural products, such as mineral ore, lumber, wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables, and fish

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2
Q

segmentation bases, or variables

A

characteristics of individuals, groups, or organizations

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3
Q

Value

A

a personal assessment of the net worth one obtains from making a purchase, or the enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferable to another mode of conduct

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4
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

a learned ability to differentiate among similar products

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5
Q

routine response behavior

A

the type of decision making exhibited by consumers buying frequently purchased, low-cost goods and services; requires little search and decision time

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6
Q

Supplies

A

consumable items that do not become part of the final product

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7
Q

market segmentation

A

the process of dividing a market into meaningful, relatively similar, and identifiable segments or groups

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8
Q

Benefit segmentation

A

the process of grouping customers into market segments according to the benefits they seek from the product

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9
Q

buying center

A

all those people in an organization who become involved in the purchase decision

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10
Q

positioning

A

developing a specific marketing mix to influence potential customers’ overall perception of a brand, product line, or organization in general

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11
Q

Self-concept

A

how consumers perceive themselves in terms of attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and self-evaluations

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12
Q

market segment

A

a subgroup of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs

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13
Q

primary membership group

A

a reference group with which people interact regularly in an informal, face-to-face manner, such as family, friends, and coworkers

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14
Q

Selective distortion

A

a process whereby a consumer changes or distorts information that conflicts with his or her feelings or beliefs

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15
Q

stimulus generalization

A

a form of learning that occurs when one response is extended to a second stimulus similar to the first

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16
Q

consumer decision-making process

A

a five-step process used by consumers when buying goods or services

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17
Q

modified rebuy

A

a situation in which the purchaser wants some change in the original good or service

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18
Q

strategic alliance

A

a cooperative agreement between business firms

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19
Q

derived demand

A

the demand for business products

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20
Q

80/20 principle

A

a principle holding that 20 percent of all customers generate 80 percent of the demand

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21
Q

multiplier effect (or accelerator principle

A

phenomenon in which a small increase or decrease in consumer demand can produce a much larger change in demand for the facilities and equipment needed to make the consumer product

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22
Q

target market

A

a group of people or organizations for which an organization designs, implements, and maintains a marketing mix intended to meet the needs of that group, resulting in mutually satisfying exchanges

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23
Q

Limited decision making

A

the type of decision making that requires a moderate amount of time for gathering information and deliberating about an unfamiliar brand in a familiar product category

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24
Q

separated self-schema

A

a perspective whereby a consumer sees himself or herself as distinct and separate from others

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25
Q

social class

A

a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem, who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally, and who share behavioral norms

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26
Q

Content marketing

A

a strategic marketing approach that focuses on creating and distributing content that is valuable, relevant and consistent.

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27
Q

Geodemographic segmentation

A

segmenting potential customers into neighborhood lifestyle categories

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28
Q

Geographic segmentation

A

segmenting markets by region of a country or the world, market size, market density, or climate

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29
Q

connected self-schema

A

a perspective whereby a consumer sees himself or herself as an integral part of a group

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30
Q

selective exposure

A

a process whereby a consumer notices certain stimuli and ignores others

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31
Q

concentrated targeting strategy

A

a strategy used to select one segment of a market for targeting marketing efforts

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32
Q

Business marketing (also called industrial, business-to-business, B-to-B, or B2B marketing)

A

the marketing of goods and services to individuals and organizations for purposes other than personal consumption

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33
Q

market

A

people or organizations with needs or wants and the ability and willingness to buy

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34
Q

Processed materials

A

products used directly in manufacturing other products

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35
Q

original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs

A

individuals and organizations that buy business goods and incorporate them into the products they produce for eventual sale to other producers or to consumers

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36
Q

Culture

A

the set of values, norms, attitudes, and other meaningful symbols that shape human behavior and the artifacts, or products, of that behavior as they are transmitted from one generation to the next

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37
Q

perception

A

the process by which people select, organize, and interpret stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture

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38
Q

Utilitarian value

A

a value derived from a product or service that helps the consumer solve problems and accomplish tasks

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39
Q

niche

A

one segment of a market

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40
Q

Consumer behavior

A

processes a consumer uses to make purchase decisions, as well as to use and dispose of purchased goods or services; also includes factors that influence purchase decisions and product use

41
Q

socialization process

A

how cultural values and norms are passed down to children

42
Q

showrooming

A

the practice of examining merchandise in a physical retail location without purchasing it, and then shopping online for a better deal on the same item

43
Q

learning

A

a process that creates changes in behavior, immediate or expected, through experience and practice

44
Q

extensive decision making

A

the most complex type of consumer decision making, used when buying an unfamiliar, expensive product or an infrequently bought item; requires use of several criteria for evaluating options and much time for seeking information

45
Q

aspirational reference group

A

a group that someone would like to join

46
Q

Personality

A

a way of organizing and grouping the consistencies of an individual’s reactions to situations

47
Q

Psychographic segmentation

A

segmenting markets on the basis of personality, motives, lifestyles, and geodemographics

48
Q

real self-image

A

the way an individual actually perceives himself or herself

49
Q

Optimizers

A

business customers who consider numerous suppliers (both familiar and unfamiliar), solicit bids, and study all proposals carefully before selecting one

50
Q

Position

A

the place a product, brand, or group of products occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing offerings

51
Q

stimulus

A

any unit of input affecting one or more of the five senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing

52
Q

evoked set (or consideration set

A

a group of brands resulting from an information search from which a buyer can choose

53
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

inner tension that a consumer experiences after recognizing an inconsistency between behavior and values or opinions

54
Q

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

A

a detailed numbering system developed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico to classify North American business establishments by their main production processes

55
Q

consumer product

A

a product bought to satisfy an individual’s personal wants or needs

56
Q

product differentiation

A

a positioning strategy that some firms use to distinguish their products from those of competitors

57
Q

undifferentiated targeting strategy

A

a marketing approach that views the market as one big market with no individual segments and thus uses a single marketing mix

58
Q

Selective retention

A

a process whereby a consumer remembers only that information that supports his or her personal beliefs

59
Q

perceived value

A

the value a consumer expects to obtain from a purchase

60
Q

reciprocity

A

a practice whereby business purchasers choose to buy from their own customers

61
Q

Major equipment

A

capital goods such as large or expensive machines, mainframe computers, blast furnaces, generators, airplanes, and buildings

62
Q

motive

A

a driving force that causes a person to take action to satisfy specific needs

63
Q

Trust

A

the condition that exists when one party has confidence in an exchange partner’s reliability and integrity

64
Q

opinion leaders

A

an individual who influences the opinions of others

65
Q

Nonaspirational reference groups

A

a group with which an individual does not want to associate

66
Q

cannibalization

A

a situation that occurs when sales of a new product cut into sales of a firm’s existing products

67
Q

marketing-controlled information source

A

a product information source that originates with marketers promoting the product

68
Q

want

A

recognition of an unfulfilled need and a product that will satisfy it

69
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

a method of classifying human needs and motivations into five categories in ascending order of importance: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization

70
Q

Accessory equipment

A

goods, such as portable tools and office equipment, that are less expensive and shorter-lived than major equipment

71
Q

secondary membership group

A

a reference group with which people associate less consistently and more formally than a primary membership group, such as a club, professional group, or religious group

72
Q

family life cycle (FLC)

A

a series of stages determined by a combination of age, marital status, and the presence or absence of children

73
Q

keiretsu

A

a network of interlocking corporate affiliates

74
Q

Perceptual mapping

A

a means of displaying or graphing, in two or more dimensions, the location of products, brands, or groups of products in customers’ minds

75
Q

Usage-rate segmentation

A

dividing a market by the amount of product bought or consumed

76
Q

Business services

A

expense items that do not become part of a final product

77
Q

Involvement

A

the amount of time and effort a buyer invests in the search, evaluation, and decision processes of consumer behavior

78
Q

hedonic value

A

a value that acts as an end in itself rather than as a means to an end

79
Q

Need recognition

A

result of an imbalance between actual and desired states

80
Q

Component parts

A

either finished items ready for assembly or products that need very little processing before becoming part of some other product

81
Q

reference group

A

all of the formal and informal groups in society that influence an individual’s purchasing behavior

82
Q

Relationship commitment

A

a firm’s belief that an ongoing relationship with another firm is so important that the relationship warrants maximum efforts at maintaining it indefinitely

83
Q

ideal self-image

A

the way an individual would like to be perceived

84
Q

nonmarketing-controlled information source

A

a product information source that is not associated with advertising or promotion

85
Q

straight rebuy

A

a situation in which the purchaser reorders the same goods or services without looking for new information or investigating other suppliers

86
Q

Joint demand

A

the demand for two or more items used together in a final product

87
Q

multisegment targeting strategy

A

a strategy that chooses two or more well-defined market segments and develops a distinct marketing mix for each

88
Q

Repositioning

A

changing consumers’ perceptions of a brand in relation to competing brands

89
Q

business product, or industrial product

A

a product used to manufacture other goods or services, to facilitate an organization’s operations, or to resell to other customers

90
Q

demographic segmentation

A

segmenting markets by age, gender, income, ethnic background, and family life cycle

91
Q

Satisficers

A

business customers who place an order with the first familiar supplier to satisfy product and delivery requirements

92
Q

internal information search

A

the process of recalling past information stored in the memory

93
Q

business-to-business online exchange

A

an electronic trading floor that provides companies with integrated links to their customers and suppliers

94
Q

new buy

A

a situation requiring the purchase of a product for the first time

95
Q

external information search

A

the process of seeking information in the outside environment

96
Q

subculture

A

a homogeneous group of people who share elements of the overall culture as well as unique elements of their own group

97
Q

norm

A

a value or attitude deemed acceptable by a group

98
Q

What are the five steps in the consumer decision making process?

A

There are 5 steps in a consumer decision making process a need or a want is recognized, search process, comparison, product or service selection, and evaluation of decision. Most decision making starts with some sort of problem. The consumer develops a need or a want that they want to be satisfied.

marketing 327 (6 decks)

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