market revolution

Question 1

Market Revolution

Answer 1

the Market Revolution in the United States was a period in the 1820s-1830s in which the economy and society shifted from moral economies to a capitalist system.

Question 2

Technological revolution

Answer 2

a period in which one or more technologies is replaced by another novel technology in a short amount of time.

Question 3

Agricultural revolution

Answer 3

the name given to a number of cultural transformations that initially allowed humans to change from a hunting and gathering subsistence to one of agriculture and animal domestications

Question 4

Cotton gin, cotton boom

Answer 4

In 1794, U.S.-born inventor Eli Whitney (1765-1825) patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. By the mid-19th century, cotton had become America’s leading export.

Question 5

McCormick reaper

Answer 5

Resembling a two-wheeled, horse-drawn chariot, the machine consisted of a vibrating cutting blade, a reel to bring the grain within its reach, and a platform to receive the falling grain.

Question 6

Industrial revolution

Answer 6

the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.

Question 7

Factory system

Answer 7

a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor

Question 8

Steam power

Answer 8

steam power, the use of water in gaseous form to power mechanical devices.

Question 9

Textile mills and Lowell girls

Answer 9

young female workers who came to work in textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution in the United States.

Question 10

Transportation revolution

Answer 10

resulted in the development of pivotal methods of transportation in the 1800s including steamboats, railroads, and canals

Question 11

Canals, steamboats, railroads

Answer 11

The use of steamboats and railroads made transporting large quantities of goods easy and cost effective.

Question 12

Communications revolution

Answer 12

the motor that enabled the construction of the infrastructure of the modern world, newspapers, cartography, and the ‘public sphere’ of politics, of warfare and diplomacy.

Question 13

Commodification of labor

Answer 13

Typically, this occurs when independent producers – either peasants or artisans – are expropriated and turned into wage labourers.

Question 14

What was the Market Revolution, what factors caused it, and what changes it created

Answer 14

Happening roughly between 1800 and the 1840s, the market revolution was a series of gradual transformations that began the process where the majority of Americans no longer lived in the countryside and worked as small yeoman farmers or skilled artisan workers, but instead lived in cities and worked in factories.

Question 15

What developments and other “revolutions” contributed to the Market Revolution, and how

Answer 15

the Industrial Revolution, which created improvements in manufacturing and transportation.

Question 16

How technological growth contributed to the Market Revolution, why it expanded at this time, and

how it changed labor, commerce, and people’s lives

Answer 16

Innovations in transportation, like railroads, steamships, and canals, and communication, like the telegraph, expanded and sped up business.

Question 17

What was the factory system, why did it develop, and how it changed people’s lives

Answer 17

The factory system was a new way of organizing labor made necessary by the development of machines, which were too large to house in a worker’s cottage and too expensive to be owned by the worker, who now labored long hours and lived under hazardous conditions in fledgling cities.

Question 18

Why a transportation revolution developed and why this was a significant contribution to the Market

Revolution

Answer 18

Construction of railroads, canals, and roads connected small farm towns to larger markets and allowed their economies to grow.

Question 19

-Why a communications revolution developed and how it contributed to the Market Revolution

Answer 19

The communications revolution of the 19th century happened because of better technology, like the telegraph, and improved ways to move goods and people. It made it easier for businesses to talk to each other, so they could sell things more widely and make more money. This helped create a bigger, more connected economy, where businesses could reach more customers, learn about what people wanted, and grow faster.

Question 20

How the Market Revolution led to a commodification of labor, and how this impacted people’s

relationships and lives, and the social and political development of the US

Answer 20

The Market Revolution changed how people worked and lived in the US. It turned labor into something that could be bought and sold like any other product. This affected people in a few big ways:

Changes in Work: People had to move around more for jobs, which sometimes meant leaving their families behind. Jobs became more about making money than being part of a community.
Exploitation and Inequality: Some workers were treated poorly, with low pay and dangerous conditions. This made the gap between rich and poor even wider.
Social and Political Impact: People started fighting for better treatment, leading to the rise of labor unions and laws to protect workers. This changed how society and politics worked, pushing for fairer treatment of workers.
In short, the Market Revolution turned labor into a commodity, impacting how people worked, lived, and fought for their rights.