Jacksonian Era Flashcards
Andrew Jackson
A prominent figure in American politics, Jackson was the seventh President of the United States, serving from 1829 to 1837. He was known for his populist appeal and strong-willed leadership style.
First Seminole War:
This conflict occurred in 1817-1818 between the United States and the Seminole Native American tribe, who were resisting attempts to remove them from their lands in Florida. The war ended with the United States acquiring Florida from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty.
Adams-Onís Treaty:
Signed in 1819 between the United States and Spain, this treaty ceded Florida to the United States in exchange for the United States renouncing its claims to Texas.
Monroe Doctrine:
Declared by President James Monroe in 1823, this doctrine stated that the Americas were off-limits for further colonization by European powers. It also asserted that any attempt by European powers to interfere in the affairs of the Americas would be viewed as a hostile act.
Expansion of political rights:
This refers to the gradual expansion of suffrage and political participation to include a broader segment of the population, particularly white males without property.
Second Party System: Whigs & Jacksonian Democrats:
The Second Party System emerged in the 1820s and consisted primarily of the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, which formed in opposition to Jackson’s policies.
Accommodation/Acculturation:
These terms refer to the processes by which Native American tribes adapted to and interacted with European-American settlers and their culture.
Conflict between Cherokees and Georgia/settlers:
This conflict arose as white settlers encroached on Cherokee lands in Georgia, leading to disputes over land rights and sovereignty.
Indian Removal Act:
Passed in 1830 during Jackson’s presidency, this law authorized the forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to territories west of the Mississippi River.
Treaty of New Echota:
Signed in 1835, this treaty was controversially used by the United States government as justification for the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).
John Ross and Elias Boudinot:
John Ross was a Cherokee leader who opposed the Indian Removal Act and fought against the forced removal of his people. Elias Boudinot, also known as Buck Watie, was a Cherokee who supported removal and signed the Treaty of New Echota.
Process of US gaining control of Florida:
The US gained control of Florida through a combination of diplomatic negotiations and military conflict. The First Seminole War weakened Spanish authority in Florida, and the Adams-Onís Treaty formalized the transfer of Florida to the United States. This territorial gain reflects the growing strength and expansionist ambitions of the US during this period.
US actions and beliefs regarding Latin American independence movements:
The US supported Latin American independence movements as part of its broader policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas. The Monroe Doctrine asserted the United States’ commitment to protecting the sovereignty of independent Latin American nations and warned European powers against intervening in the region.
Changes in politics and political parties in the early republic/Jacksonian periods:
The election of 1824, characterized by the “Corrupt Bargain” between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, led to widespread disillusionment with the political establishment and the rise of Andrew Jackson’s populist movement. The election of 1828, which saw Jackson’s victory over Adams, marked the beginning of Jacksonian democracy and the ascendancy of the Democratic Party.
Impact of the elections of 1824 and 1828:
These elections highlighted the growing influence of popular sentiment and the rise of mass political participation. Jackson’s election in 1828 signaled a shift in power from the political elite to the common people and ushered in a new era of American politics.
