Markers of Dysfunction and -itises

Question 1

What are the normal levels of \_\_?
AST/ALT
Bilirubin:
Alkaline phosphatase:
Albumin:
INR: 
Amylase:
Lipase:

Answer 1

AST/ALT: 0-40 IU/dl
Bilirubin: 0-1.0 mgm/dl
Alkaline phosphatase: 0-120 units/dl
Albumin: 4 grams/dl
INR: 1.0
Amylase: 40-140 units
Lipase: 60-140 units

Question 2

What is a typical pattern for hepatocellular injury?

Answer 2

eg: acute hepatitis, drug toxin / OD (tylenol)

ALT/AST: HIGH
Bilirubin: LOW
Alkaline phosphatase: LOW

Question 3

What is a typical pattern for cholestasis?

Answer 3

ALT/AST: LOW
Bilirubin: HIGH
Alkaline phosphatase: HIGH

Question 4

What does an amylase test mean?

Answer 4

Amylase catalyzes hydolysis of starches>sugars.

Normal: 40-140 units
Suggests acute inflammation of the pancreas.
Found in ovary and salivary gland.
Elevated in ileus, obstruction, ischemia, mumps

Question 5

What does an lipase test mean?

Answer 5

Lipase: catalyzes lipid hydrolysis; cleaves glycerol backbone of TGs

Normal: 60-140 units
Suggests inflammation of pancreas
(more specific than amylase)

Question 6

Acute pancreatitis

Answer 6

enterokinase cleaves trypsinogen and trypsin activates the other pancreatic enzymes that are stored in the active form in zymogen granules

if trypsinogen is prematurely activated to trypsin within the pancreatic parachyma i, it triggers inflammation w/in pancreatic body

defined by amylase and lipase levels 3x normal