Mark k tips Flashcards

1
Q

What is Humalin 70/30?

A
  • Mix of insulin N and R … 70% = N … 30% = R
    o So, if 100 units of 70/30 is given to a pt … the pt gets 70 units of N and 30 units of R
    o Or, for 50 units—35 units of N and 15 units of R
    o To remember the bigger number, think of a fraction … The numerator N is on top;
    therefore, Insulin N is the bigger number
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2
Q

Can you mix insulin in same syringe and
how?

A
  • Yes, insulin can be mixed in the same
    syringe
  • How do you mix insulin?
    o (1) Pressurize vial and (2) Draw up
    insulin
    (1) To pressurize the vial … Inject
    air into N, the into R, Draw up R
    (2) To draw up insulin … Think of
    RN
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3
Q

Know what needle to use for giving an IM injection

A

o Pick answer in which both answers
have a “1” in them
o “I” in IM looks like the “#1”
o Use a 21-gauge, 1-inch long needle

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4
Q
  • Giving a SubQ injection
A

o 5 looks like an “S” in “SubQ”
o Pick the answer that has “5s” in it
o Use a 25-gauge, 0.5 inch needle

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5
Q

Heparin length of timer to be given and route, onset, antidote, labs, pregnancy

A
  • Given IV or SubQ
  • Works immediately
  • Cannot be given for more than 3 weeks (21 days)

o Except for Lovenox
(enoxaparin)

  • Antidote: Protamine sulfate
  • Labs: PTT
  • Can be used during pregnancy—
    Class C medication
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6
Q

Coumadin length of timer to be given and route, onset, antidote, labs, pregnancy

A
  • Given only PO
  • Takes few days to a week to work
    (likely 4 to 5 days)
  • Pts can be on Coumadin for their
    entire life
  • Antidote: Vitamin K
  • Labs: PT/INR
  • Can’t be used during pregnancy—
    Class X medication
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7
Q

how to tell if it is K-wasting and K-sparing diuretics

A
  • Any diuretic ending in “X,” “Xes” out K
    o So, it wastes “K” like Lasix
    o PLUS Diuril
  • If it does not end in “X,” it is a sparer
  • Examples
    Brand Generic
    o Aldactone Spinorolactone
    o Adactazide Spinorolacone-Hydrochlorothiazide
    o Modurectic Amiloride-Hydrochlorothiazide
    o Lasix Furosemide
    o Bumex Bumetanide
    o Clotrix Clotrimazole
    o Esidrex Hydrochlorothiazide
    o Demadex Torsemide
    o Diuril Chlorothiazide
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8
Q

2 muscle relaxants to know for the NCLEX

A

o Lioresal Baclofen
o Flexeril Cyclobenzaprine

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9
Q

The 2 things being tested on the board for muscle relaxants sE are

A

(1) Fatigue/Drowsiness

(2) Muscle weakness (paresis)
o The 3 things to teach
(1) Don’t drink
(2) Don’t drive
(3) Don’t operate heavy machinery

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10
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive
Development—4 Stages

A
  1. Sensorimotor—0 to 2 years
    2.Preoperational (Preschooler)—3 to 6 years
  2. Concrete Operations—7 to 11 years
    4.Formal Operations—12 to 15 years
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11
Q

Sensorimotor—0 to 2 years teaching

A
  • They only think about what
    they are sensing right now
  • You can teach only in the
    present (while you are doing it)
    o Think Present Tense
    o Just tell them
    o Children at this age don’t understand play
    o Tell them as it is happening
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12
Q

Preoperational (Preschooler)—3 to 6 years

A
  • They are fantasy-oriented, imaginative, and illogical, there thinking obeys no rules
  • However, they understand the future and they understand the past
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13
Q

Concrete Operations—7 to 11 years

A
  • “7/11 Grocery Stores are surrounded by concrete”—no trees, no flowers
  • Children in this age group are rule-oriented
    o Live and Die by the Rules and Cannot Abstract
    o There is one way to do things … Everything else is wrong
  • Teach them a day or two ahead of time
  • Teach them what you’re going to do and how to do skills
  • Use age-appropriate reading and demonstration (skill)
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14
Q

Formal Operations—12 to 15 years

A
  • They can abstract and think Cause and Effect
  • As soon as children become twelve, teach them like an adult
    o This is now a regular Med-Surge question
  • When is the first age a child can manage his care?
    o 12 years old
    o Manage means making decisions which require the person to abstract
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15
Q

A 19-month-old infant is about to have a lumbar puncture (LP) for csf analysis and culture. How
would the nurse teach the child?

A
  • Tell the child how the LP is done while it is being done.
  • There is no such thing as preop teaching for this age group
  • Preop teaching are only for the parents—mom and dad—or guardian
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16
Q

A 3-year-old child is schedule for a lumbar puncture (LP) for csf analysis and culture. What is the
nurse’s best action to teach the child about the procedure?

A
  • Teach 2 hours before …, the morning of …, or the day of the procedure how it will be
    performed
  • They are in the “imaginative” stage … Don’t give them a whole lot of time to imagine the
    worst
  • Teach them what will be done … Future Tense
  • They can learn by playing
17
Q

An 8-year-old child is schedule for a lumbar puncture (LP) for csf analysis and culture. What is the
nurse’s best action to teach the child about the procedure?

A
  • Use age-appropriate demonstration 1 or 2 days before the procedure
18
Q

Which of the following 4 children will be able to manage his own care?
a. A 7-year-old with Cystic Fibrosis
b. An 8-year-old with Diabetes Mellitus
c. A 10-year-old with a scraped knee
d. A 13-year-old with Chronic Renal Failure

A

Answer: (d)
* A 10-year-old with a scraped knee as one of the answer choices is a diversion to fool the exam

taker. Answer to these questions is not about the severity of the condition but about the age-
appropriateness to make decision

o The 10-year-old will Wash, Dry, apply Neosporin and Bandaid the wound as thought … He
will continue to do the same thing if the wound becomes is exudating pus and swollen the
4th day … A 12-year-old will likely stop and seek help
* A 13-year-old with chronic renal failure will get help if they are thought to auscultate for a
bruit over a shunt and heard nothing on day 3
o This is managing
o This means that knowing what you can do when you can, and seek help when you cannot