Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lab values > Mark k lecture 9 > Flashcards

Mark k lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

ALL psychiatric drugs cause

A

low BP and weight changes—usually weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Phenothiazines

A
  • First generation or typical antipsychotics
  • All end in “ZINE”
    o Example: Thorazine, Compazine
  • They don’t cure … They just reduce symptoms
  • We use ZINEs for the ZANY (Cuckoos) … Antipsychotics
  • In small doses, they are antiemetics (to treat vomiting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phenothiozines are major

A

tranquilizers

  • Major tranquilizers—big guns psych meds—are Antipsychotics

o Aminoglysoside are to Antibiotics what Phenothiazines are to Antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antipsychotics S/Es = “ABCDEFG”

A

o Anticholinergic (dry mouth, urinary retention)
o Blurred vision
o Constipation
o Drowsiness
o EPS (tremors, Parkinson)
o Foto sensitivity
o aGranulocytosis (low WBC count, immunosuppressed)
Teach patient how to recognize and report sore throat and symptoms of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the nursing action when someone presents with a S/E?

A

o Educate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the nursing action when someone presents with a Toxic effect?

A

o HOLD the drug ! Notify HCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decanoate or “Caprate” form of a medication means

A
  • The long-acting form of a drug
  • Sometimes denoted with the letter “D”
  • IM form given for non-compliance
  • Often Court-ordered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A
  • Grandfathered into the NSSRI (Non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) group
  • Mood elevators (Happy pills)
  • Elavil (elevates), Trofranil, Aventyl, Desyrel
    o Elevates the mood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Side effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants are

A

Anticholinergic (especially, dry mouth)
Blurred Vision
Constipation
Drowsiness
Euphoria (happy)
* Must take meds for 2 to 4 weeks for beneficial effects
* So, after the first week of antidepressant therapy, pt will complain the drug is not working
* Teach pt that the medication takes about 2 to 4 weeks to reach therapeutic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants names

A

Elavil (elevates), Trofranil, Aventyl, Desyrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • Anti-anxiety, minor tranquilizers
  • Always have ZEP in the name
  • Remember ZZzzs for falling/going to
    sleep
  • Many benzodiazepines end in “Pam” or
    “Lam”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

benzo uses

A

minor tranquilizers
Seizures medications
o Preop induction of anesthesia
o Muscle relaxants
o EtOH withdrawal medications
o Ventilation—medication to relax and calm down pts on a ventilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how long should you use benzos for?

A

Benzos work quickly … But do not take them for more than 2 to 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Administer major and minor tranquilizers at the same time. Why?

A
  • The major antipsychotics take a long time to start working
  • The minor antipsychotics start working right away
  • Both are administered at the same time
  • Example: pt is usually put on Valium and Elavil at the same time
    o Valium is discontinued in 2 to 4 weeks once Elavil kicks in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A similar example for giving major and minor tranquilizers together is the concurrent use of
Heparin and Coumadin (warfarin)

A
  • Heparin works right away but a pt should not be on it for a long time
  • Coumadin takes a few days to start working but a pt can be on it for the rest of his life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S/Es of Benzodiazepines are “ABCD”

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • Blurred Vision
  • Constipation
  • Drowsiness
16
Q

Monamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors

A
  • Antidepressant
  • Depression is thought to be caused by norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in brain
  • Name of MAOIs starts with
  • MARplan, NARdil, PARnate the beginnings—all rhyme
17
Q

S/E of MAOIs

A

o Anticholinergic
o Blurred Vision
o Constipation
o Drowsiness

18
Q

Teaching Points for MOA

A
  • Avoid tyramine-containing food … May cause Hypertensive Crisis
  • Food with tyramine
    o Fruits/Veggies—Avoid salad “BAR”: Bananas, Avocados (guacamole), Raisins (dried
    fruit)
    o Grains—Ok to have, except Yeast
    o Meats—No organs liver, kidney, tripe, heart, no preserved meats (smoked, dried, cured,
    pickled, hot dogs)
    o Dairy—No chees except for mozzarella, cottage cheese (no aged cheese)
    o No EtOH, elixirs, tinctures (iodine/betadine) caffeine, chocolate, licorice, soy sauce
19
Q

Lithium

A
  • Used for treating Bipolar disorder—it decreases the mania LI = BI
20
Q

S/E of lithium Lithium

A

acts more like an electrolyte—think: Potassium/Lithium
* The 3 Ps as S/Es
o Peeing (Polyuria)
o Pooping (diarrhea)
o Paresthesia (earliest sign of electrolyte imbalance)
The earliest sign of electrolyte imbalance is Paresthesias = Numbness and Tingling

21
Q

Toxic effects of lithium

A
  • Tremors, seizures
  • Metallic taste
  • Severe diarrhea
22
Q

What is the #1 nursing intervention in a pt on lithium presenting with peeing/pooping all the
time?

A

o Give pt fluids
* The above S/Sx are S/Es—expected
* Monitor sodium
* Low sodium makes lithium toxic
* High makes lithium ineffective
* Sodium needs to be normal

23
Q

What is the #1 nursing intervention in a pt on lithium presenting with metallic taste and severe
diarrhea?

A

o Give pt fluids

  • Notify the HCP—this is a toxic effect
24
Q

Prozac (fluoxetine)

A
  • SSRI, mood elevator
25
Q
  • Side effects of Prozac are
A

o Anticholinergic
o Blurred Vision
o Constipation
o Drowsiness
o Euphoria (happy)

Causes insomnia so give before noon. If bid, give at 6 a.m. and noon

26
Q

When changing doses of Prozac in adolescents

A

When changing doses, watch for suicidal risk in adolescents
o Must recently change the dose and be an adolescent of young adult

27
Q

HALDOL (haloperidol)

A
  • Tranquilizers (basically same as Thorazine)
  • First generation antipsychotics
28
Q

S/E of Haldol

A

o Anticholinergic (dry mouth, urinary retention)
o Blurred vision
o Constipation
o Drowsiness
o EPS (tremors, Parkinson)
o Foto sensitivity
o aGranulocytosis (low WBC count, immunosuppressed)
Teach patient how to recognize and report sore throat and symptoms of infection

29
Q

Pts taking Haldol may develop

A

NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome) from overdose
o Seen in elderly and young white schizophrenic pts
o High fever over 105
o Their doses should be about 1⁄2 usual adult dose

30
Q

A pt is being treated with an antipsychotic medication. Pt becomes anxious and presents with
tremors. What is the nurse intervention to differentiate NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
from EPS (extrapyramidal syndrome)?

A
  • Measure the pts’ temperature
    o If temperature is WNL, this is EPS
    o If temperature is 102 and rising, call the emergency response team and notify HCP …
    NMS is lifethreatening
  • NMS presents with anxiety and tremors, and so does EPS
31
Q

Clozaril (clozapine)

A
  • Atypical antipsychotic 2nd gen
  • Advantage it does not have A-F side effects
  • Don’t confuse it with Klonopin/Clonazepam!

used to treat schizophrenia

Second generation antipsychotics end in “Zapine”

32
Q

S/Es of clozapine

A

aGranulocytosis! It is worse than cancer drugs and can trash the pt’s bone marrow

Monitor white count

33
Q

Geodon (ziprasidone) has a black box warning

A
  • Prolong the QT interval, which can cause sudden cardiac arrest
  • Do not use in pts with cardiac condition
34
Q

What is the #1 nursing intervention in a pt taking Clozaril (clozapine)

A
  • Monitor the WBC
35
Q

Zoloft (Sertraline)

A
  • Antidepressant
36
Q

S/E of serotonin syndrome is “SAD Head” ( plus Sertraline)

A
  • Can cause insomnia
    o Sweating
    o Apprehensive (impending sense of doom)
    o Dizzyness
    o Headache
  • Interact with the followings because they are not metabolized in the liver
    o St. John’s Wort and cause serotonin syndrome
    o Warfarin and cause bleeding

Lab values (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions