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NCLEX > Mark K Lectures 10-12 > Flashcards

Mark K Lectures 10-12 Flashcards

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1
Q

How to calculate due date

A

1st day of LMP + 7 days - 3 months

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2
Q

When can you palpate the fundus?

A

At 12 weeks

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3
Q

Presumptive signs of pregnancy

A

Chadwick
Goodell
Hegar
(In that order - alphabetical)

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4
Q

What is Chadwick, goodell, and hegar’s signs?

A

Chadwick: cervical cyanosis
Goodell: cervical softening
Hegar: uterine softening

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5
Q

Normal ranges for hemoglobin in each trimester of pregnancy

A

1st: 11
2nd: 10.5
3rd: 10

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6
Q

Discomforts and treatments for each trimester of pregnancy

A

1st: morning sickness - dry carbs before out of bed
1st & 3rd: urinary incontinence - void every 2 hrs
2nd & 3rd: difficulty breathing - tripod position
2nd & 3rd: back pain - pelvic tilt exercises (tilt it forward)

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7
Q

Explain good and bad positioning of baby for labor

A

Vertical lie = good
Transverse lie = trouble

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8
Q

4 stages of labor

A

Labor
Delivery of baby
Delivery of placenta
Recovery (2 hrs)

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9
Q

Phases of labor

A

(All are included in the labor stage)
Latent
Active
Transition

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10
Q

Dilation,
contraction frequency,
contraction duration, and
contraction intensity
for active labor

A

5-7 cm
3-5 min
30-60 sec
Moderate

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11
Q

What is considered uterine tetany?

A

Contractions > 90 seconds long and closer than every 2 mins
Bad

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12
Q

How to measure frequency of contractions

A

Beginning of one contraction to beginning of next

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13
Q

How to measure duration of contraction

A

Beginning to end of one contraction

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14
Q

Treatment for painful back labor

A

Position on hands and knees with knees to chest
Push into sacrum to relieve pain

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15
Q

Treatment for prolapsed cord

A

Medical emergency
Push baby head off cord
Position pt on hands and knees with knees to chest

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16
Q

Treatment for all other labor complications

A

LION pit

L: left side
I: increase IV
O: give O2
N: notify provider
Pit: stop pitocin (do first)

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17
Q

Treatment for low FHR

A

Stop pit
LION

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18
Q

Treatment for high FHR

A

Document
Take pt’s temp

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19
Q

Treatment for low variability

A

LION pit

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20
Q

Treatment for high variability

A

Document (this is good)

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21
Q

Treatment for late decels

A

LION pit

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22
Q

Treatment for early decels

A

Document
(This is ok)

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23
Q

Treatment for variable decels

A

Very bad
Push and position b/c probably cord prolapse

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24
Q

What causes variable decels

A

Cord compression

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25
Q

What causes early decels

A

Head compression

26
Q

What causes late decels

A

Placental insufficiency

27
Q

What should be done 4 times an hour during recovery stage

A

Vital signs (watching for shock)
Fundus
Perineal pads (excessive = 100% saturated in < 15 min)
Roll her over to check for bleeding underneath

28
Q

What should be checked every 6-8 hours postpartum

A

B - breasts
*U - uterus (fundal height = day PP)
B - bladder
B - bowel
*L- lochia
E - episiotomy

H - hgb & hct
*E - extremities (watching for thrombophlebitis - measure calves)
A - affect
D - discomforts

29
Q

Differences between Caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma

A

CS crosses sutures and is symmetrical
C does not cross sutures and is not symmetrical (is blood)

30
Q

Use of terbutaline and main side effect

A

Stops labor
Maternal tachycardia

31
Q

Use of mag sulfate and main side effect

A

Stop labor
Causes hypermagnesemia (everything goes down, esp HR & reflexes)

32
Q

Use of pitocin and main side effect

A

Stimulate contractions
Can cause uterine hyper stimulation

33
Q

Use and main side effect of methergine

A

Stimulates contractions
Causes high BP b.c it contracts blood vessels

34
Q

Use of betamethasone

A

Steroid given to mother IM to help with fetal lung maturity

35
Q

Use of beractant

A

Lung surfactant given to baby transtracheal after birth to help with lung maturity

36
Q

What is Humulin 70/30?

A

Mix of N (70%) and R (30%) insulin

37
Q

Rule for mixing insulins

A

Clear (R) to cloudy (N)
(RNs do it this way0

38
Q

Needle length for IM injections

A

21 g, 1 in ( both parts have 1 like I)

39
Q

Needle length for subQ injections

A

25 g, 5/8 in (both have 5 like S)

40
Q

Route for heparin vs Coumadin

A

Heparin IV or subQ
Coumadin only PO

41
Q

When do heparin and Coumadin start to work?

A

Heparin works immediately
Coumadin takes a few days to a week

42
Q

How long can heparin and Coumadin be given for?

A

Heparin cannot be given for > 3 weeks (expect for Enoxaparin)
Coumadin can be given forever

43
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

44
Q

Antidote for Coumadin

A

Vitamin K

45
Q

Lab test for heparin

A

PTT (tt looks like H)

46
Q

Lab test for Coumadin

A

Pt /(INR)

47
Q

Can heparin or Coumadin be given during pregnancy

A

Heparin can be given during pregnancy and Coumadin cannot be

48
Q

How to tell the difference between k wasting and k sparing diuretics

A

Any diuretic ending in X exes out K plus diurel

49
Q

What is baclofen?

A

Muscle relaxant (on your back loafin’)

50
Q

Side effects of baclofen

A

Fatigue
Muscle weakness

51
Q

Pt teaching for baclofen

A

Dont drink
Dont drive
Dont operate heavy machinery

52
Q

What is cyclobenzaprine used for

A

Muscle relaxant

53
Q

Stage for kids 0-2 yrs and how you should teach them

A

Sensory motor
Verbally teach as you’re doing (bc only think about what they are doing right now)

54
Q

Stage and best way to teach 3-6 year olds

A

Preoperational (preschool age)
Teach shortly before what you are going to do, teach through play (fantasy oriented, understand future and past)

55
Q

Stage and best way to teach 7-11 year olds

A

Concrete operations (7/11 is surrounded by concrete)
Can teach days ahead what you’re going to do, plus skills
Use age appropriate reading and demonstration (bc they’re very rule oriented)

56
Q

Stage and best way to teach 12-15 yr olds

A

Formal operations
Teach like an adult (*this is the earliest a child can manage their own care, they have abstract thinking and understand cause and effect)

57
Q

Which types of patients are always unstable?

A

Hemorrhage
Fever > 105
Hypoglycemia
Pulselessness/breathlessness

58
Q

APE to MAN

A

A: 2nd ICS at Rt sternal border
P: 2nd ICS at Left sternal border
E:

T: 4th ICS at Left sternal border
M: 5th ICS in MCL

59
Q

Organs in RUQ

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum of intestines

60
Q

Organs in LUQ

A

Stomach
Spleen

61
Q

Organs in LLQ

A

Descending colon
Left half of transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

62
Q

Which organs are in the RLQ?

A

Large intestine
Small intestine
Appendix

NCLEX (4 decks)

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