Mark Flashcards
1
Q
What path do sentimentalist novels tend to follow?
A
A young girl protagonist who must use her moral compass to guide herself through an immoral world to marriage.
2
Q
What movement was Uncle Tom’s Cabin from?
A
Sentimentalism
3
Q
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
A
Harriet Beecher Stowe
4
Q
What religion was sentimentalism associated with?
A
Christianity and Christian benevolence.
5
Q
What did Abraham Lincoln say the Harriet Beecher Stowe?
A
“the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war.”
6
Q
When was the Romantic movement?
A
1820-1860
7
Q
Who influenced this American movement?
A
The British Romantic movement.
8
Q
Love of nature and emotions.
A
Romanticism.
9
Q
What values did Romantic novels centre around?
A
Democracy, freedom, and individualism.
10
Q
What are Romantic novels obsessed with?
A
Nature - trees, flowers, fields, sunsets.
11
Q
What is the quintessential American value?
A
Individualism
12
Q
What did Romantic writers believe about emotions?
A
They were central to our identity.
13
Q
Why is the imagination important to Romantic writers?
A
Expressing our individuality.
14
Q
What historical event influenced American Romantics?
A
The American Revolutionary War (war of independence)
15
Q
What place/idea was central to the work of American Romantics?
A
The Frontier
16
Q
When did the Transcendental movement develop?
A
1820s-1840s
17
Q
Where did divinity reside for Transcendental writers?
A
People and nature.
18
Q
How do Transcendentals view everyday life?
A
They see the grind of ordinary life and society as a barrier between the self and the spirit.
19
Q
What does nature offer to Transcendentals?
A
A way to free the mind.
20
Q
What values did Transcendentalists embrace?
A
Individualism and imagination.
21
Q
What is the difference between Romanticism and Transcendentalism?
A
Romantics were too concerned with the ego whereas Transcendentalists wanted to actually make change.
22
Q
Who created the idea of the over-soul and what movement were they from?
A
Ralph Waldo Emerson; Transcendentalism
23
Q
When was the Realism movement?
A
From the Civil War to the turn of the century; 1860s-1900
24
Q
When was the American Civil War?
A
1861-1865
25
What did Realist writers focus on?
An accurate representation and exploration of American lives.
26
What was the context in which Realist writers were writing?
Post Civil War, increased democracy, literacy, industrialisation, urbanisation, population, migration and immigration.
27
How did Amy Kaplan describe Realism?
"a strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change"
28
Define verisimilitude.
Appearing true or real.
29
What is the centre of a Realist novel, character or plot?
The character and their choices.
30
Which class interests does Realism serve?
Middle class
31
What will the plot of a Realism novel usually be like?
Believable and plausible, avoiding the sensational.
32
What is the difference between Realism and Sentimentalism?
In Realism, redemption of the individual lies in the social world, whereas in Sentimentalism, redemption of the social world lies in the individual.
33
What message did Naturalist literature try to convey?
That social conditions shaped human character.
34
Who said that people are "human beasts"
Emile Zola
35
What sort of people populate Naturalist novels?
Lower-middle or lower class.
36
What is the world of the Naturalist novel like?
Commonplace, unheroic, dull.
37
What is the focus of a Naturalist novel?
How characters react to their circumstances, not really focusing on the characters themselves.
38
What sort of tone do Naturalist writers use?
Objective and detached.
39
What traits characterise Naturalist novels?
Pessimism and determinism.
40
What narrative perspective is most commonly used for Naturalism?
Third-person omniscient.
41
For Naturalists, how can characters be studied?
Through their relationships to their surroundings.
42
"chronicle of despair" - who said and about what movement
Charles Walcutt; naturalism
43
Name three themes of Naturalism novels.
Survival, determinism, violence, and taboo.
44
What is the conflict in Naturalism novels?
Man against nature.
45
Which movement did these authors belong to: John Steinbeck, Upton Sinclair?
Naturalism
46
When was the Modernism movement?
1918-1940
47
What topics did Modernism address?
Race relations, gender, the human condition.
48
What did American Modernist writers explore?
The psychological wounds and scars of the First World War.
48
What did American Modernist writers explore?
The psychological wounds and scars of the First World War.
49
What event other than the First World War did Modernist writers explore?
The Great Depression
50
What issue, related to the great War and the Great Depression, do Modernist writers explore?
The loss of self as workers faded into the background of city life.
51
Despite the negative aspects Modernists explored, what did their novels suggest in the end?
New hopes and aspirations - a new beginning.
52
What was the Harlem Renaissance and what sparked it?
A rebirth of African American arts, started by the Modernist search for self-identification.
53
When was the Declaration of Sentiments published?
1848
54
When were the Jim Crow Laws passed?
1877
55
When was the Gilded Age?
1870-1900
56
When was Prohibition?
1920-1933
57
When was the Wall Street Crash?
1929
58
When was the Dust Bowl?
1930s
59
When was President Franklin's New Deal?
1933-1936
60
When did the first 'Pilgrim' settlers arrive in the new world?
1620
61
Adverbial phrase
A phrase containing information about how, where, or when an action takes place. For example: "I read books nearly every day".
62
Allusion
A reference to another piece of literature.
63
Ambiguity
When language has more than one possible meaning or interpretation, adding depth to literature.
64
Antithesis
When phrases or sentences are contrasted.
65
Antithetical
Opposite or contrasting.
66
Assonance
Repeated vowel sounds.
67
Asyndetic listing
When there is no conjunction (and, but) separating the final two items in a list.
68
Caesura
A pause in a line of verse, usually indicated by a punctuation mark.
69
Caesura
A pause in a line of verse, usually indicated by a punctuation mark.
70
Coda
A musical term which describes a completion or rounding off.
71
Collocation
Two or more words that have been placed together or which appear together as part of a set phrase, such as 'crystal clear' or 'red wine'.
72
Colloquialism
Language used in ordinary conversation; not formal.
73
Complex sentence
Sentence with two or more clauses linked by subordinating sonjunctions.
74
Compound sentence
A sentence with two or more clauses linked by a coordinating conjunction.
75
What sort of sentence is this: 'I went to the shops and I had a coffee'?
Compound sentence
76
What sort of sentence is this: 'I went to the book shop but could not find what I wanted'?
Complex sentence
77
Context
The social situation, including audience and purpose, in which language is used.
78
Declarative sentence
A sentence that makes a statement.
79
Denotation
The primary, literal meaning of a word or phrase.
80
Dialect
A variety of a particular language, characterised by distinctive features a accent, grammar and vocabulary.
81
Discourse marker
Words or phrases which give structure to speech or writing - 'however', 'likewise'.
82
Dynamic verb
Verbs which describe physical actions, such as 'jump'.
83
Dynamic verb
Verbs which describe physical actions, such as 'jump'.
84
Emotive language
Language that appeals to feelings or emotions.
85
Emphasis
Stress laid on a word or phrase by a speaker to indicate importance.
86
Enjambment
Continuity in rhythm from one line of verse to the next without end-stopping.
87
Exclamation
An expression of emotion.
88
External referencing
Points to another text or texts which is connected to the discourse in some way.
89
False start
Non-fluency in language; a speaker may begin an utterance in one way then immediately change the focus.
90
Figurative language
Language which draws an imaginative comparison between what is described and something else.
91
Formal
A text that follows certain rules or traditions.
92
Genre
A class or category of text.
93
Graphology
The layout of a text, with use of such features as typeface.
94
Half-rhyme
A rhyme in which end consonants match but the preceding syllables do not.
95
Hedge
A word or phrase that softens the impact of what is said.
96
Hyperbole
Deliberate exaggeration.
97
Iamb
A metrical foot with the rhythm: x /
98
Iambic pentameter
A line of verse with five iambic feet.
99
Imagery
The pictures created by a writer's choice of language.
100
Imperative sentence
A command.
101
Interior discourse
When the narrator tells us the thoughts of the characters.
102
Intonation
Variation of the pitch and rhythmic patterns.
103
Irony
A discrepancy between what is said and what is meant.
104
Juxtaposition
To place side by side.
105
Layout
The way the text has been ordered and structure on the page.
106
Lexical choices
The vocabulary selected by the writer.
107
Lexis
Choice of words.
108
Main clause
Part of a sentence that is grammatically independent and may exist alone.
109
Metaphor
A comparison that says something really is something else.
110
Meter
The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
111
Mode
The medium of communication used - writing or speech.
112
Modifier
A word that, when used in conjunction with another word or phrase, gives the reader more detail.
113
Monosyllabic words
Words with one syllable.
114
Mood
The atmosphere resulting from the tone of a text.
115
Narrative
An account of connected events.
116
Neologism
An invented word.
117
Onomatopoeia
When words describe sound.
118
Pantheism
The belief that God is everything and everything is God.
119
Paradox
An idea that contradicts itself.
120
Personification
A form of metaphor where something which is not human is given human characteristics.
121
Polysyllabic words
Words with more than one syllable.
122
Refrain
Repetition of a line or groups of lines.
123
Rhetoric
Technique of using language persuasively.
124
Rhythm
The natural flow of spoken language with its variety of stress and emphasis.
125
Semantic field
A group of words relating to the same topic.
126
Sibilance
Repetition of 's'.
127
Simile
A comparison using 'like' or 'as'.
128
Simple sentence
Sentence with only one clause.
129
Stanza
A group of lines together in a poem - sometimes called a verse.
129
Stanza
A group of lines together in a poem - sometimes called a verse.
130
Stress
The emphasis given to words or phrases.
131
Subordinate clause
A clause that depends on the main clause.
132
Syndetic listing
Listing using a conjunction to separate the final two items.
133
Synaesthesia
The mixing of sensations: 'blinding echo of the sky'.
134
Syntax
The way words are combined to form sentences.
135
Theme
The ideas suggested by a piece of writing.
136
Tone
The mood or feeling of a text.
137
Triplet
A pattern of three repeated words.
138
When was Steinbeck born?
1902
139
Where did Steinbeck study and what did he study?
Stanford; Zoology and Literature.
140
Where did Steinbeck study and what did he study?
Stanford; Zoology and Literature.
141
Name three jobs Steinbeck had after graduating.
Farmer hand, labourer, laboratory assistant.
142
What did Steinbeck do in 1937?
Travelled with migrant workers from Oklahoma to California.
143
When was 'The Grapes of Wrath' published?
1939
144
What did Steinbeck do during World War II?
He was a war correspondent for the press.
145
Where does the title of the book come from?
A song called 'Battler of the Republic' by Julia Ward Howe.
146
When did Steinbeck die and at what age?
1968, aged 66.
147
Hendiadys
The expression of a single idea by two words connected with ‘and’, e.g. nice and warm.
148
Pre-1880
Sentimentalism
149
1820-1860
Romanticism
150
Rhetorical parallelism
The same or similar shape to lines or phrases.
