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Marine Biodiversity > Marine Protected Areas > Flashcards

Marine Protected Areas Flashcards

1
Q

Marine reserves

A

Permanent protection from all anthropogenic threats

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2
Q

Marine protected areas

A

Permanent protection from at least on anthropogenic effects

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3
Q

Fishery closure

A

Close fishey at a particular area and particular tume

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4
Q

Goal of MR & MPA

A

protect biodiversity & ecosystem

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5
Q

Goal of fishery closure

A

Protect a particular sps
Recover of an exploited sps
Protect vulnerable life history stages

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6
Q

What are the different conservation perspective

A

2 perspective
1- main issue is biodiversity
Main solution - MOA

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7
Q

2 perspective

A

Main issue is - overfishing
Root issue is overcapitalization
Main solution is - better fishery management by providing incentives

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8
Q

What are the 4 goals of MPA

A

Goal 1 - mantain target sps health
Goal 2 - recover exploited sps
Goal 3 - mainatain high yield
Goal 4 - biodiversity , ecosystem function & structure

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9
Q

Goal 1 😄

A

Maintain heath by
- age and size
- behaviour
- genetic diversity
Reduce
- age truncation
- life history evolution by allowing older and larger fishes to survive that can reproduce

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10
Q

Goal 2 - 😄

A

Recover & rebuild exploited pop

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11
Q

Goal 3 - maintain inc yield 🫤

A

Sold by saying that once the population recovers its going to spill put
- only occurs if sps have a lower dispersion rate
- mpa is big enough for pop to build and over load
Lead to controversies

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12
Q

Controversies of goal 3

A

Fishery scientist oppose mpa to maintain catches
Not true bcz fishery scientist understand the role of mpa to buffers fishery impact on biodiversity

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13
Q

Goal 4

A

Protect vulnerable habitat
Protect ecosystems process
- Protect vulnerable pop to perevebt them from becoming ecologically extinct
-protect non target sps
Protect from management mistakes

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14
Q

Canada status of mpa

A

Lagging behind
Canadian park & wilderness society - 14sci created scoence based guidlines on how to implement it

Press release shows -
MR > 30% of each habitat, prioritize ecology & group it with functional networks

Min size 10-20km

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15
Q

How can it be enforced

A

Educate fishers on long term benefit

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16
Q

Why is there low coverage of MPA & lower for MR

A

Challenges like
Size
Size placement
Enforcement

17
Q

Size (mobile and non mobile)

A

Mobile and non mobile
Mobile - seetimg mpa is easy, covering the area around them however mobile is difficult due to their kovement and high dispersal rate -> larger mpa

18
Q

Larger mpa

A

Cost effective and efficient -
Lower running , establishment &enforcement cost while
More eff to set few larger mpa

19
Q

Size placement (high & low fidelity)

A

High fidelity- easier to prptect
- conc on areas that affect their life stage eg spawning ground
- eliminate dangers from sites
Low fidelity- complex strategies required
- 2 problems

20
Q

2 problems in low fodelity

A

Determining moving habitats
Communicating with stakeholders

21
Q

Solution to the 2 challenges of low fidelity

A

Technology

22
Q

Technology of challenges 1

A

Animal born tags- identify habitats and behaviour
Vessel monitoring- 2 way communication
Remotely sensed satellite data- cheap , global convert and updated

23
Q

Challenge 2 technology

A

Vessel monitoring sys
2 way communication leads to exchange of information

24
Q

Examples of size placement

A

Turtle watch program
Gathered information from all other techs , created a map that helped guided fishers and save loggerhead turtles updated daily

25
Q

Example 2 of size placement

Stellwagon bank national marine santuary

A

use of mandatory ship reporting and hydrophones in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary to reduce ship strikes on baleen whales by communicating through vessels and inform about their presence and advising speed reductions, with updates provided daily on a website.

26
Q

Enforcemnet

A

1- observer program
2- radar & acoustic monitoring
3- vessels monitoring sys

27
Q

Enforcement human dimensions

A

Clear boundari3s - shifting boundaries are diff to apply for fishers
Support by fishers and community
Equity among stakeholders- unfair, dec compliance-> difficulty

28
Q

How can we get the support of fishermans

A
  • Short term neg impacts -> lomg term pos impacts
  • Ownership & co-management
  • Clearly state sci based goals for long term sustainability & fisher support
  • phases in mr can reduce cost of fisherman and inc fisherman support
  • adaptive mangement
29
Q

Better Fisheries Management in area surrounding MPA

A

health and status of surrounding area - as important as the MPA
○ MPA-focus → risk neglecting management of non-MPA areas
○ Continue: gear modifications, better fisheries management (e.g., catch shares), inv sps protection, climate change e.t.c

Marine Biodiversity (3 decks)

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