Marine Mammals, Birds, And Reptiles Flashcards
what are the species of sea turtles that exist today?
- leatherback
- loggerhead
- olive ridley
- kemps ridley
- australian flatback
- green sea turtle (pacific and atlantic)
Sea turtle anatomy?
- Upper shell known as the carapace and lower shell known as plastron
- ribs expanded and fused to shell
- Powerful jaws, but no teeth
- poikiolothermic and ectothermic (except for leatherback)
sea turtle reproductive habits?
- females breed at sea every 2-4 years
- return to land to deposit eggs near the dune line
- dig a hole in the sand using back flippers
- internal fertilization
- females store sperm
- lay up to 7 clutches of eggs (1 clutch = 120 eggs)
- one clutch (group) of eggs can have multiple paternity
Sea turtle eggs?
- incubation period of 60 days
- warmer temp develop faster, (range of development between 45-75 days)
- leathery when mother lays the eggs, become more brittle during incubation
Kemps Ridley?
- smallest sea turtle species (100cm, 100 lbs)
- thought to be a hybrid because no nesting site was found
- one found in Rancho Nuevo, Mexico, now jointly managed by US and Mexico wildlife protection agencies
Green sea turtle?
- only vegetarian
- slightly green because of diet of seagrass and algae
- tropical nesting turtles usually in florida, now as far as north carolina
loggerhead sea turtle
- least vulnerable in numbers, listed as threatened
- feeds on invertebrates like crab and mulluscs
Leatherback
- largest (6ft, 100lbs)
- feed on jellyfish, dive in to depths to feed on other prey
Hawksbill
- tropical species
- feed on corals sponges and invertebrates
Sea snakes?
55 species
only found in Indian and pacific ocean
laterally flattened body with a paddle like tail
mostly 3-4 ft
sea snakes reproduction?
- breed at sea
- ovoviviparous
- some return to land to lay eggs
other sea snake traits
- not known to be aggressive
- bites can be fatal to humans
- carnivorous an feed on fish
Saltwater crocodile?
- Australia, Indian ocean, and wester pacific islands
- estuaries, mangrove swamps, rivers, and the open ocean
- eats all types of prey, aggressive hunter
lengths over 30 ft
Marine Iguanas
- Galapagos islands
- only spend portion of time in the water
- feed on seagrass
- sunbathing :)
Seabirds feather oil?
from glandular secretions
waterproof the body
Seabird Behaviors?
- colonial nesters
- monogamous
- protect young
- preening
- complex rituals for mate selection
species of marine birds not as well adapted o marine environment as penguins?
- shearwaters
- petrels
- albatross
- frigate birds
- pelicans
- cormorants
Characteristics of mammals
4600 species
skin posesses hair
homeotherms
mostly viviparous with placenta
mammary and other glands
larger brain in relation to size
many sexually dimorphant
what are the 4 major groups of marine mammals?
- Pinnipedia - seals, sea lions and walrus
- Carnivora - seals otter and polar bear
- sirenia - dugong and manatees
- Cetacea - whales, dolphins, and porpoises