marine ecosystem Flashcards
1
Q
type of ecosystem that is composed of salty water that covers most of the earth’s surface. that type of water is also called as ocean or marine water
A
marine ecosystem
2
Q
most prevalent type of system that possess high amount of salt content
A
marine ecosystem
3
Q
it is a large body of salt water that covers approximately almost 71% or earth’s water
A
ocean
4
Q
oceans of the world
A
atlantic
arctic
indian
pacific
southern
5
Q
deepest ocean in the world
A
pacific ocean
6
Q
deepest point of the ocean
A
mariana trench
7
Q
ocean zones
A
interdinal zone
neritic zone
oceanic zone
photic zone
aphotic zone
benthic zone
8
Q
closest to sea shore
low and high tides
A
intertidal zone
9
Q
Shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off.
Lot of nutrients and animals live there
A
neritic zone
10
Q
Extended are beyond the continental shelf.
A
oceanic zone
11
Q
Also called as sunlight layer.
200 meters depth of the water, can access enough sunlight for photosynthesis.
A
photic zone
12
Q
Part of ocean that has less or no sunlight.
A
aphotic zone
13
Q
Ocean floor
Lowest part of ocean, low temperature and high pressure.
A
benthic zone
14
Q
organisms in intertidal zone
A
Sea stars, Mussels, Crabs, Clams, Krill, Snails, Seaweeds, Algae, and etc.
15
Q
organisms in neritic zone
A
Sea anemones, Shrimp, Lobster, Jellyfish, Oysters, Sponges, Zooplankton, Crabs, Kelp forest, Plankton, Coral reef plants, Algae, and etc.
16
Q
organisms in oceanic zone
A
Fish, Whales, Sharks, Dolphins, Jellyfish, Tunas, Corals, Seaweeds, Algae, Phytoplankton, and etc.
17
Q
photic zone
A
Fishes, Marine mammals, Worms, Sea stars, Reptiles, Whale, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Cyanobacteria, Coccolithophorids, Cryptomonads, and etc.
18
Q
organisms in aphotic zone
A
Giant squid, Jellyfishes, Eel, Algae, Anemones, Anglerfish, Copepods, Mussels, Lantern fish, Crustaceans, Ctenophores, Dinoflagellates, Fangtooth, segmented worms, and etc.
19
Q
organisms in benthic zone
A
Green algae, Brown algae, Red algae, Crabs, Sea stars, Worms, Corals, Snails, Demersal fish, Pelagic fish, Epifauna, Bivalves, and etc.
20
Q
often deposit feeders, obtaining nutrition from ingesting biota, organic and inorganic particles from the sediment surface or within the sediments.
A
benthic
21
Q
a plant or animal that inhabits the open sea and the surface of a lake, sea, or ocean.
A
pelagic
22
Q
marine organisms
A
benthic
pelagic
23
Q
marine organisms cannot swim against ocean currents
A
plankton
24
Q
can swim against ocean current
A
nekton
25
Organism cannot swim against ocean current; therefore, ocean carries them. They float in the water.
plankton
26
(plant-like) also known as microalgae that uses sunlight for photosynthesis in order to make planktonic foods
phytoplankton
27
(animal-like) are the small aquatic animals who are weak swimmer
zooplankton
28
creates most of the earth's oxygen and they are one of the organisms who remove carbon dioxide from the air
phytoplankton
29
must stay on photic zone to survive because planktons are sinking, phobic zone is great place to access sunlight
phytoplankton
30
common name of phytoplankton
algae
31
types of phytoplankton
diatoms
dinoflagellates
cyanobacteria
32
single-celled algae that has intricate glass shells. can form chains to increase surface area
diatoms
33
they are responsible for 20% of global carbon fixation and 40% of marine primary productivity
diatoms
34
only organism that has transparent cell wall
diatoms
35
have 2 flagella or the organelle that are responsible for motility of cell or bacteria
dinoflagellates
36
2 flagella are located in
one wraps around the middle
other is at the tip
37
cause red tide because of the over population of their species, and they release red plastids
dinoflagellates
38
also called blue-green algae
cyanobacteria
39
clumps of cyanobacteria
stromatolites
40
can be found in all types of water therefore it can be found all over the world
cyanobacteria
41
they are responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans
cyanobacteria
42
Unicellular or organisms that only have one cell.
coccolitophores
43
one-celled plant-like organisms. they produce small calcium carbonate scales (coccoliths) which cover the cell surface in the form of a spherical coating called coccosphere
coccolithophores
44
organisms responsible in marine carbon cycle by precipitating many carbons into carbonate
coccolithosphores
45
also called as desmids. freshwater photosynthesisers are closely related to green seaweeds
desmidiales
46
group of green algae in which their cell wall is compose of cellulose and pectins and their chloroplasts are green
desmidiales
47
one of the important food sources for many invertebrates
desmidiales
48
heterotrophic plankton that are small, aquatic microorganisms in the water column that include crustaceans, rotifers, open water insect larvae and aquatic mites.
zooplankton
49
around 1 mm and they are like cows of the sea, eating the phytoplankton and converting the sun's energy into food for higher trophic levels in the food web.
copepods
50
one of the species who provide foods for many species of fish
copepods
51
It is the common name for any member of the crustacean order Euphausiacea. They are in the same class of animal as crabs, lobsters and crayfish, as well as shrimp and woodlice.
krill
52
they grow about 6cm and can live up to 5 years. they also provide food for both surface and deeper-sea predators
krill
53
also known as comb jellies
ctenophores
54
Oval-shaped animal with eight rows of tiny comb-like plates that it beats to move itself through the water.
ctenophores
55
marine invertebrate that swims by beating rows of cilia that resemble combs
ctenophores
56
oldest multi-organ animal that are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles. largest example of holoplankton
jellyfish
57
larvae of benthic organisms
sea cucumber larvae
starfish larvae
snail larvae
crab larvae
sea urchin larvae
worm larvae
58
single-celled protists that are small protozoan species that are characterized by the production of mineral skeletons made of silica.
radiolarians
59
they provide ammonium and carbon dioxide for the dinoflagellate symbionts
radiolarians
60
A type of amoeboid protest that exhibit an external shell and ectoplasm used to obtain food.
foraminiferans
61
Their shell is typically comprised of calcium carbonate, the shells of some species contain other minerals. single-celled organisms (protists) with shells or tests (a technical term for internal shells).
foraminiferans
62
are living organisms that are able to swim and move independently of currents. they are heterotrophic and have a large size range with familiar examples such as fish, squid, octopus, sharks, and marine mammals
nektons
63
most of them are chordates, animals with bones or cartilage
nektons
64
examples of marine ecosystem
Rocky intertidal
Estuary
Coral reefs
Open ocean
Deep sea
Hydrothermal vent
Kelp forests
Seagrass meadows
Polar
65
fluctuate between being underwater and being exposed to the sun and wind
rocky intertidal ecosystem
66
highly variable temperatures and salinity that is submerged with water during high tide and exposed to the air during low tide
rocky intertidal ecosystem
67
it is among the most physically harsh environments on earth
rocky intertidal ecosystem
68
organisms in rocky intertidal zone
Sea stars
Snails
Seaweeds
Algae
Crabs
69
how do organisms rocky intertidal ecosystem?
By binding themselves into the rock.
Seal in moisture.
By migrating to the water during low tide to avoid land predators.
By using their ability to protect their body such as shell.
70
it is where the rivers meet the sea
estuary ecosystem
71
dynamic ecosystems that have some of the highest biotic diversity and levels of production in the world
estuary ecosystem
72
coastal area or transitional zone where fresh water and streams mixes with the salt water from the ocean
estuary
73
organisms in estuary ecosystem
Fishes
Shellfish
Migratory birds
Lobsters
Marine worms
Seagrasses
Algae
Phytoplankton
74
how do organisms survive in estuary ecosystem
must be able to respond quickly to drastic changes in salinity
organisms could use different things like marine plants, soil, or rocks to survive from predators
75
coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides
salt marsh (temperate zone)
76
salt-tolerant trees that are productive wetlands that occur in coastal intertidal zones
mangrove forest (tropics)
77
some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world that is located in warm, clear, shallow water
coral reef ecosystem
78
it provides habitat for a large variety of marine life, including various sponges, oysters, clams, crabs, etc.
coral reef ecosystem
79
serve as a ceenter of activity for marine life
coral reef ecosystems
80
fire corals
hydrocorals
81
soft corals
octocorals
82
black corals
antipatharians
83
organisms in coral reef
sponges
oysters
clams
crabs
sea stars
sea urchins
fishes
84
how do organisms survive in coral reef
fish and other animals can hide from larger predators like sharks because they have small flat bodeis
coral reefs provide shelter, spawning grounds, and protection from predators
85
corals are made of?
aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate
86
They are invertebrate animals belonging to a large group of colourful and fascinating animals called Cnidaria.
coral
87
their species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton
coral
88
Unicellular photosynthetic organism with a spherical shape that lives inside corals.
zooxanthellae
89
what can give color to corals
photosynthetic pigments
90
they help the coral to survive by providing it with food resulting from photosynthesis, wherein the photosynthesis gives sugar to the corals
zooxanthellae
91
is the process done by the zooxanthellae when they abandon their coral hosts where the reef is under stress from high temperatures, pollution, or other threats
bleaching
92
also known as pelagic zone and is the area of the ocean outisde of coastal areas
open ocean ecosystem
93
habitat for some of the biggest marine life species. it produces over half of the world's oxygen and absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere
open ocean ecosystem
94
how do organisms survive in open ocean system
By adapting to the environment, therefore, many types of animals or organisms are already evolved in terms of survival skills.
Marine animals or organisms have competition for food and survival.
Animals with the same species works together for security of each one of them.
95
3 zones in open ocean ecosystem
euphotic zone (epipelagic)
bathyal zone
abyssal zone
96
brightly lit surface, nutrients level is low, dissolved oxygen is high, photosynthesis is acessible, and depth of 1 to 200 meters.
euphotic zone
97
Dimly lit middle layer or ocean, less photosynthesis, and depth of between 200 and 2,000 m (660 and 6,600 feet) below the surface.
BATHYAL ZONE
98
Dark bottom layer of the ocean, very cold, high pressure, and depth of 2,000 to 6,000 meters (6,560 to 19,680 feet).
abyssal zone
99
largest habitat on earth and is independent of energy from sunlight and photosynthetic organism
deep ocean ecosystem
100
predominantly dark and cold environment with much lower productivity than shallower ones
deep ocean ecosystem
101
coldest layer of the ocean and few organisms
deep ocean ecosystem
102
ability of organisms wherein they make their own light used by animals everywhere for camouflage and protection from predators
bioluminescence
103
it is used to attract mates, lure preys, confuse predator or prey, and burglar alarms
bioluminescence
104
black animals absorb
all colors of light available
105
red animals appear
black
106
organisms in deep ocean ecosystem
Sea-devil Anglerfish
Pelican Eel
Deep-sea Jellyfish Benthocodon
Goblin Shark
Deep-sea Octopus
Deep-sea Dragonfish
Zombie Worms
Barreleye Fish
107
how do organisms survive in deep ocean ecosystem
some animals are maintaining their small size to avoid being a prey
by adapting to different factors of the environemnt such as pressure, temperature, and surroundings
108
are like geysers or hot springs on the ocean floor. it acts as natural plumbing systems that transport heat and chemicals from the interior of the Earth that help regulate global ocean chemistry
hydrothermal vents ecosystem
109
The community only basing their food on sulfides, the chemical released by the vent for the plankton since there is no sunlight in the deep ocean, even though the sulfide only contains limited nutrients
hydrothermal vents ecosystem
110
organisms in hydrothermal vent ecosystem
Tubeworms
Crabs
Mussels
Zoarcid fishes
Octopus
Bacteria
Archaea
111
process to convert minerals and other chemicals in the water into energy. counterpart of photosynthesis
chemosynthesis
112
these are the primary producers and form the base of vent food webs
chemosynthetic bacteria
113
underwater ecosystems formed in shallow water by the dense growth of several different species
kelp forest ecosystem
114
has a greater variety and higher density of plants and animals than almost any other ocean community
kelp forest ecosystem
115
organisms in kelp forest ecosystem
Bristle worms
Scuds
Prawns
Snails
Brittle stars
Fishes
Marine mammals
Birds
Sea lions
116
recognized as one of the most productive ecosystems in the coastal zone
seagrass meadow ecosystem
117
It often occur in heterogeneous environments, where environmental variability is arranged along clearly perceived gradients, such as salinity and turbidity in estuaries, depth along slopes, or gradients of exposure.
seagrass meadow ecosystem
118
it is generally called as tundra
polar ecosystem
119
environment located in the arctic and antarctic regions, wherein the community is surrounded by ice, snow, and cold water
polar ecosystem
120
organisms in polar ecosystem
Penguins
Whales
Pacific Salmons
Seals
Walrus
Harp
Narwhals
121
ways to protect marine ecosystem
Mind Your Carbon Footprint and Reduce Energy Consumption.
Make Safe, Sustainable Seafood Choices.
Use Fewer Plastic Products.
Help Take Care of the Beach.
Don't Purchase Items That Exploit Marine Life.
Be an Ocean-Friendly Pet Owner.
Support Organizations Working to Protect the Ocean.
Influence Change in Your Community.
Travel the Ocean Responsibly.
Educate Yourself About Oceans and Marine Life.
