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envi sci finals > marine ecosystem > Flashcards

marine ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

type of ecosystem that is composed of salty water that covers most of the earth’s surface. that type of water is also called as ocean or marine water

A

marine ecosystem

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2
Q

most prevalent type of system that possess high amount of salt content

A

marine ecosystem

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3
Q

it is a large body of salt water that covers approximately almost 71% or earth’s water

A

ocean

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4
Q

oceans of the world

A

atlantic
arctic
indian
pacific
southern

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5
Q

deepest ocean in the world

A

pacific ocean

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6
Q

deepest point of the ocean

A

mariana trench

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7
Q

ocean zones

A

interdinal zone
neritic zone
oceanic zone
photic zone
aphotic zone
benthic zone

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8
Q

closest to sea shore
low and high tides

A

intertidal zone

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9
Q

Shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off.
Lot of nutrients and animals live there

A

neritic zone

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10
Q

Extended are beyond the continental shelf.

A

oceanic zone

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11
Q

Also called as sunlight layer.
200 meters depth of the water, can access enough sunlight for photosynthesis.

A

photic zone

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12
Q

Part of ocean that has less or no sunlight.

A

aphotic zone

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13
Q

Ocean floor
Lowest part of ocean, low temperature and high pressure.

A

benthic zone

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14
Q

organisms in intertidal zone

A

Sea stars, Mussels, Crabs, Clams, Krill, Snails, Seaweeds, Algae, and etc.

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15
Q

organisms in neritic zone

A

Sea anemones, Shrimp, Lobster, Jellyfish, Oysters, Sponges, Zooplankton, Crabs, Kelp forest, Plankton, Coral reef plants, Algae, and etc.

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16
Q

organisms in oceanic zone

A

Fish, Whales, Sharks, Dolphins, Jellyfish, Tunas, Corals, Seaweeds, Algae, Phytoplankton, and etc.

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17
Q

photic zone

A

Fishes, Marine mammals, Worms, Sea stars, Reptiles, Whale, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Cyanobacteria, Coccolithophorids, Cryptomonads, and etc.

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18
Q

organisms in aphotic zone

A

Giant squid, Jellyfishes, Eel, Algae, Anemones, Anglerfish, Copepods, Mussels, Lantern fish, Crustaceans, Ctenophores, Dinoflagellates, Fangtooth, segmented worms, and etc.

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19
Q

organisms in benthic zone

A

Green algae, Brown algae, Red algae, Crabs, Sea stars, Worms, Corals, Snails, Demersal fish, Pelagic fish, Epifauna, Bivalves, and etc.

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20
Q

often deposit feeders, obtaining nutrition from ingesting biota, organic and inorganic particles from the sediment surface or within the sediments.

A

benthic

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21
Q

a plant or animal that inhabits the open sea and the surface of a lake, sea, or ocean.

A

pelagic

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22
Q

marine organisms

A

benthic
pelagic

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23
Q

marine organisms cannot swim against ocean currents

A

plankton

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24
Q

can swim against ocean current

A

nekton

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25
Q

Organism cannot swim against ocean current; therefore, ocean carries them. They float in the water.

A

plankton

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26
Q

(plant-like) also known as microalgae that uses sunlight for photosynthesis in order to make planktonic foods

A

phytoplankton

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27
Q

(animal-like) are the small aquatic animals who are weak swimmer

A

zooplankton

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28
Q

creates most of the earth’s oxygen and they are one of the organisms who remove carbon dioxide from the air

A

phytoplankton

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29
Q

must stay on photic zone to survive because planktons are sinking, phobic zone is great place to access sunlight

A

phytoplankton

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30
Q

common name of phytoplankton

A

algae

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31
Q

types of phytoplankton

A

diatoms
dinoflagellates
cyanobacteria

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32
Q

single-celled algae that has intricate glass shells. can form chains to increase surface area

A

diatoms

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33
Q

they are responsible for 20% of global carbon fixation and 40% of marine primary productivity

A

diatoms

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34
Q

only organism that has transparent cell wall

A

diatoms

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35
Q

have 2 flagella or the organelle that are responsible for motility of cell or bacteria

A

dinoflagellates

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36
Q

2 flagella are located in

A

one wraps around the middle
other is at the tip

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37
Q

cause red tide because of the over population of their species, and they release red plastids

A

dinoflagellates

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38
Q

also called blue-green algae

A

cyanobacteria

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39
Q

clumps of cyanobacteria

A

stromatolites

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40
Q

can be found in all types of water therefore it can be found all over the world

A

cyanobacteria

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41
Q

they are responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans

A

cyanobacteria

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42
Q

Unicellular or organisms that only have one cell.

A

coccolitophores

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43
Q

one-celled plant-like organisms. they produce small calcium carbonate scales (coccoliths) which cover the cell surface in the form of a spherical coating called coccosphere

A

coccolithophores

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44
Q

organisms responsible in marine carbon cycle by precipitating many carbons into carbonate

A

coccolithosphores

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45
Q

also called as desmids. freshwater photosynthesisers are closely related to green seaweeds

A

desmidiales

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46
Q

group of green algae in which their cell wall is compose of cellulose and pectins and their chloroplasts are green

A

desmidiales

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47
Q

one of the important food sources for many invertebrates

A

desmidiales

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48
Q

heterotrophic plankton that are small, aquatic microorganisms in the water column that include crustaceans, rotifers, open water insect larvae and aquatic mites.

A

zooplankton

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49
Q

around 1 mm and they are like cows of the sea, eating the phytoplankton and converting the sun’s energy into food for higher trophic levels in the food web.

A

copepods

50
Q

one of the species who provide foods for many species of fish

A

copepods

51
Q

It is the common name for any member of the crustacean order Euphausiacea. They are in the same class of animal as crabs, lobsters and crayfish, as well as shrimp and woodlice.

A

krill

52
Q

they grow about 6cm and can live up to 5 years. they also provide food for both surface and deeper-sea predators

A

krill

53
Q

also known as comb jellies

A

ctenophores

54
Q

Oval-shaped animal with eight rows of tiny comb-like plates that it beats to move itself through the water.

A

ctenophores

55
Q

marine invertebrate that swims by beating rows of cilia that resemble combs

A

ctenophores

56
Q

oldest multi-organ animal that are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles. largest example of holoplankton

A

jellyfish

57
Q

larvae of benthic organisms

A

sea cucumber larvae
starfish larvae
snail larvae
crab larvae
sea urchin larvae
worm larvae

58
Q

single-celled protists that are small protozoan species that are characterized by the production of mineral skeletons made of silica.

A

radiolarians

59
Q

they provide ammonium and carbon dioxide for the dinoflagellate symbionts

A

radiolarians

60
Q

A type of amoeboid protest that exhibit an external shell and ectoplasm used to obtain food.

A

foraminiferans

61
Q

Their shell is typically comprised of calcium carbonate, the shells of some species contain other minerals. single-celled organisms (protists) with shells or tests (a technical term for internal shells).

A

foraminiferans

62
Q

are living organisms that are able to swim and move independently of currents. they are heterotrophic and have a large size range with familiar examples such as fish, squid, octopus, sharks, and marine mammals

A

nektons

63
Q

most of them are chordates, animals with bones or cartilage

A

nektons

64
Q

examples of marine ecosystem

A

Rocky intertidal
Estuary
Coral reefs
Open ocean
Deep sea
Hydrothermal vent
Kelp forests
Seagrass meadows
Polar

65
Q

fluctuate between being underwater and being exposed to the sun and wind

A

rocky intertidal ecosystem

66
Q

highly variable temperatures and salinity that is submerged with water during high tide and exposed to the air during low tide

A

rocky intertidal ecosystem

67
Q

it is among the most physically harsh environments on earth

A

rocky intertidal ecosystem

68
Q

organisms in rocky intertidal zone

A

Sea stars
Snails
Seaweeds
Algae
Crabs

69
Q

how do organisms rocky intertidal ecosystem?

A

By binding themselves into the rock.
Seal in moisture.
By migrating to the water during low tide to avoid land predators.
By using their ability to protect their body such as shell.

70
Q

it is where the rivers meet the sea

A

estuary ecosystem

71
Q

dynamic ecosystems that have some of the highest biotic diversity and levels of production in the world

A

estuary ecosystem

72
Q

coastal area or transitional zone where fresh water and streams mixes with the salt water from the ocean

A

estuary

73
Q

organisms in estuary ecosystem

A

Fishes
Shellfish
Migratory birds
Lobsters
Marine worms
Seagrasses
Algae
Phytoplankton

74
Q

how do organisms survive in estuary ecosystem

A

must be able to respond quickly to drastic changes in salinity
organisms could use different things like marine plants, soil, or rocks to survive from predators

75
Q

coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides

A

salt marsh (temperate zone)

76
Q

salt-tolerant trees that are productive wetlands that occur in coastal intertidal zones

A

mangrove forest (tropics)

77
Q

some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world that is located in warm, clear, shallow water

A

coral reef ecosystem

78
Q

it provides habitat for a large variety of marine life, including various sponges, oysters, clams, crabs, etc.

A

coral reef ecosystem

79
Q

serve as a ceenter of activity for marine life

A

coral reef ecosystems

80
Q

fire corals

A

hydrocorals

81
Q

soft corals

A

octocorals

82
Q

black corals

A

antipatharians

83
Q

organisms in coral reef

A

sponges
oysters
clams
crabs
sea stars
sea urchins
fishes

84
Q

how do organisms survive in coral reef

A

fish and other animals can hide from larger predators like sharks because they have small flat bodeis

coral reefs provide shelter, spawning grounds, and protection from predators

85
Q

corals are made of?

A

aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate

86
Q

They are invertebrate animals belonging to a large group of colourful and fascinating animals called Cnidaria.

A

coral

87
Q

their species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton

A

coral

88
Q

Unicellular photosynthetic organism with a spherical shape that lives inside corals.

A

zooxanthellae

89
Q

what can give color to corals

A

photosynthetic pigments

90
Q

they help the coral to survive by providing it with food resulting from photosynthesis, wherein the photosynthesis gives sugar to the corals

A

zooxanthellae

91
Q

is the process done by the zooxanthellae when they abandon their coral hosts where the reef is under stress from high temperatures, pollution, or other threats

A

bleaching

92
Q

also known as pelagic zone and is the area of the ocean outisde of coastal areas

A

open ocean ecosystem

93
Q

habitat for some of the biggest marine life species. it produces over half of the world’s oxygen and absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere

A

open ocean ecosystem

94
Q

how do organisms survive in open ocean system

A

By adapting to the environment, therefore, many types of animals or organisms are already evolved in terms of survival skills.

Marine animals or organisms have competition for food and survival.

Animals with the same species works together for security of each one of them.

95
Q

3 zones in open ocean ecosystem

A

euphotic zone (epipelagic)
bathyal zone
abyssal zone

96
Q

brightly lit surface, nutrients level is low, dissolved oxygen is high, photosynthesis is acessible, and depth of 1 to 200 meters.

A

euphotic zone

97
Q

Dimly lit middle layer or ocean, less photosynthesis, and depth of between 200 and 2,000 m (660 and 6,600 feet) below the surface.

A

BATHYAL ZONE

98
Q

Dark bottom layer of the ocean, very cold, high pressure, and depth of 2,000 to 6,000 meters (6,560 to 19,680 feet).

A

abyssal zone

99
Q

largest habitat on earth and is independent of energy from sunlight and photosynthetic organism

A

deep ocean ecosystem

100
Q

predominantly dark and cold environment with much lower productivity than shallower ones

A

deep ocean ecosystem

101
Q

coldest layer of the ocean and few organisms

A

deep ocean ecosystem

102
Q

ability of organisms wherein they make their own light used by animals everywhere for camouflage and protection from predators

A

bioluminescence

103
Q

it is used to attract mates, lure preys, confuse predator or prey, and burglar alarms

A

bioluminescence

104
Q

black animals absorb

A

all colors of light available

105
Q

red animals appear

A

black

106
Q

organisms in deep ocean ecosystem

A

Sea-devil Anglerfish
Pelican Eel
Deep-sea Jellyfish Benthocodon
Goblin Shark
Deep-sea Octopus
Deep-sea Dragonfish
Zombie Worms
Barreleye Fish

107
Q

how do organisms survive in deep ocean ecosystem

A

some animals are maintaining their small size to avoid being a prey
by adapting to different factors of the environemnt such as pressure, temperature, and surroundings

108
Q

are like geysers or hot springs on the ocean floor. it acts as natural plumbing systems that transport heat and chemicals from the interior of the Earth that help regulate global ocean chemistry

A

hydrothermal vents ecosystem

109
Q

The community only basing their food on sulfides, the chemical released by the vent for the plankton since there is no sunlight in the deep ocean, even though the sulfide only contains limited nutrients

A

hydrothermal vents ecosystem

110
Q

organisms in hydrothermal vent ecosystem

A

Tubeworms
Crabs
Mussels
Zoarcid fishes
Octopus
Bacteria
Archaea

111
Q

process to convert minerals and other chemicals in the water into energy. counterpart of photosynthesis

A

chemosynthesis

112
Q

these are the primary producers and form the base of vent food webs

A

chemosynthetic bacteria

113
Q

underwater ecosystems formed in shallow water by the dense growth of several different species

A

kelp forest ecosystem

114
Q

has a greater variety and higher density of plants and animals than almost any other ocean community

A

kelp forest ecosystem

115
Q

organisms in kelp forest ecosystem

A

Bristle worms
Scuds
Prawns
Snails
Brittle stars
Fishes
Marine mammals
Birds
Sea lions

116
Q

recognized as one of the most productive ecosystems in the coastal zone

A

seagrass meadow ecosystem

117
Q

It often occur in heterogeneous environments, where environmental variability is arranged along clearly perceived gradients, such as salinity and turbidity in estuaries, depth along slopes, or gradients of exposure.

A

seagrass meadow ecosystem

118
Q

it is generally called as tundra

A

polar ecosystem

119
Q

environment located in the arctic and antarctic regions, wherein the community is surrounded by ice, snow, and cold water

A

polar ecosystem

120
Q

organisms in polar ecosystem

A

Penguins
Whales
Pacific Salmons
Seals
Walrus
Harp
Narwhals

121
Q

ways to protect marine ecosystem

A

Mind Your Carbon Footprint and Reduce Energy Consumption.

Make Safe, Sustainable Seafood Choices.
Use Fewer Plastic Products.

Help Take Care of the Beach.

Don’t Purchase Items That Exploit Marine Life.

Be an Ocean-Friendly Pet Owner.

Support Organizations Working to Protect the Ocean.

Influence Change in Your Community.

Travel the Ocean Responsibly.

Educate Yourself About Oceans and Marine Life.

envi sci finals (6 decks)

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