Marine Animals Flashcards
Animals
Multicellular organisms capable of synthesizing their own food.
Heterotroph.
- An organism that must consume food from other organism.
- Unable to synthesize their own food.
Protozoa.
- Single-celled.
- Heterotrophic.
- Not true animal.
- Foraminifera, radiolarians, amoebas.
Phylum Porifera.
Sponges digestive cells suspension feeders.
Phylum Cnidaria.
- Jellyfish.
- Corals.
- Sea anemones stinging cells; cnidoblasts medusa and polyp body forms.
Phylum Platyhelminthes.
Flat worms simplest worms.
Phylum Nematoda.
- Round worms.
- First animal to possess a flow-through digestive system.
Phylum Annelida.
- Segmented worms.
- Metamerism class.
- Polychaeta.
- Marine worms.
Phylum Mollusca.
- Second largest phylum snails.
- Octopuses.
- Squids squids.
- Largest invertebrates octopuses.
- Most intelligent invertebrates.
Phylum Arthropoda.
- Most successful phylum on Earth.
- Lobster, shrimp, crabs, krill, barnacles.
- Exoskeleton made of chitin.
Phylum Echinodermata.
- Sea Star; star-shaped, tube feet act as suction cups.
- Water-vascular system brittle stars; sea urchins, sand dollars.
The Chordates
Chordata
- Most advanced animal phylum.
- Posses a notochord at some time in life.
Invertebrate Chordates.
- No permanent notochord tunicates.
- Amphioxus.
Vertebrate Chordates.
Retain notochord.
Fishes.
- Oldest vertebrate group.
- Ectotherms (Cold-blooded).
Class Agnatha.
Hagfish and lampreys.
Class Chrondrichthyes.
- Sharks.
- Skates.
- Rays skeletons made of cartilage most sharks not dangerous to man.
Class Osteichthyes
Bony Fish
- Cod, tuna, halibut, perch, etch.
- Swim bladder to maintain buoyancy gill membranes.
- Transfer dissolved oxygen in water to blood stream and remove excess carbon dioxide from blood to seawater, water and blood circulate in opposite directions, which increases.
- Transfer efficiency marine fish drink seawater and export excess salt from special glands.
- In gills huge economic importance.
Amphibians.
- Frogs, toads, salamanders.
- None are exclusively marine.
Marine Reptiles
Reptile Class
- Ectothermic; cold-blooded sea turtles, eight species.
- Adults have no predator except humans marine crocodiles; hunt in pack, very aggressive, one living species.
- Sea snakes; 50 species, all highly venomous, give birth in water.
Marine Birds.
- Endotherms.
- Warm blooded.
- 270 kinds of seabirds; albatrosses, gulls, penguins, pelicans.
- Special salta-excreting glands.
Marine Mammals.
- Most advanced vertebrate group.
- Endothermic.
- Breathe air.
- Give birth to young that suckle.
- Have hair at some time in lives.
- Streamlined body shape for swimming.
- Generate internal body heat.
- Have osmotic adaptations.`
Order Cetacea.
- Porpoise.
- Dolphins.
- Whales.
Order Carnivora.
- Seals.
- Sea lions.
- Walruses.
- Sea otters.
Order Sirenia.
- Manatees.
- Dugongs.
