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Marine Biology > Marine algae and plants > Flashcards

Marine algae and plants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Seaweed can be found in what colours ?

A

Green red and browns

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2
Q

What effects the distribution do seaweed along the coast ?

A

Light availability and quality

- this affects the horizontal and vertical distribution of seaweed

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3
Q

If the water is clearer what can light do ?

A

Go deeper and effect the growth of seaweed

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4
Q

What do chloroplasts and chlorophyll do?

A

Help absorb light and have accessory pigments to use other waves of light to help with photosynthesis

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5
Q

Does temperature effect sea weed distribution?

A

Yes

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6
Q

How does temp affect seaweed distribution in tropical waters ?

A

The diversity is grester

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7
Q

Will all seaweed survive through winter ?

A

Parts of seaweed will survive winter and in spring it grows again

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8
Q

What kills seaweed (temp) ?

A

Too high to too low temperature

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9
Q

What affects seaweed distribution list?

A

Temp
Light
Depth

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10
Q

Explain how depth affects seaweed distribution?

A

Depth

- biotic and abiotic factors

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11
Q

What’s The important anatomical structures of seaweed ?

A

Thallus ? - body of the seaweed
Frond/blade - flat part
Hold fast - attachment point
Stipe - stem like region

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12
Q

Do all seaweed have a stipe ?

A

No

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13
Q

What parts of the seaweed is Made of photosynthetic cells ?

A

The thallus - body

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14
Q

What is the air bladder in seaweed for ?

A

Boyency , helps it float to maximise photosynthesis

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15
Q

Does seaweed have a vascular system ?

A

No

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16
Q

What’s the vascular tissue in plants called. ?

A

Xylem and phloem

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17
Q

What are the 3 groups of seaweed ?

A

Green, brown and red algae

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18
Q

How much do the sea floor is seaweed ?

A

2%

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19
Q

Where can seaweed grow not all plants can ?

A

It can grow on artificial surfaces

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20
Q

How many types of green algae are there ?

A

Over 7000

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21
Q

How much green algae is marine ?

A

700 types

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22
Q

What’s the primary pigment of green algae ?

A

Chlorophyll A and B

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23
Q

Where are green algae used ?

A

They are used in food, something for life stock, fertilisers and in some waste water treatments

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24
Q

What type of traits can an organism have ?

A

Derived or ancestorial

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25
Q

What an invasive species ?

A

Anything that is introduced and has a lack of predators

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26
Q

What animal is bad for the Maine environment. ?

A

Green crabs

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27
Q

What are dangers of invasive species ?

A 
Lack of predators 
Exploitation fo resources 
Environmental harm 
Economic harm ( fishing etc ) 
Impact human health
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28
Q

Invasive can be both ok and bad for the ecosystem ? True or false ?

A

True

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29
Q

Periwinkle snail has a ___ effect ?

A

Neutral

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30
Q

Green fleece is what type of algae ?

A

Green

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31
Q

Green fleece is from where ?

A

Japan

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32
Q

What’s an invasive green algae ?

A

green fleece

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33
Q

Name other coenocytic green algae ?

A

Valois and caulerpa ( don’t need to know )

34
Q

What type of algae is halimeda ?

A

A soemthing algae , incorporates calcium carbonate.

35
Q

Halimeda main weight is formed from ?

A

Calcium carbonate

36
Q

Where is halimeda found ?

A

On coral

37
Q

How many brown algae marine species are there ?

A

1500

38
Q

What’s the dominant algae in colder rock coast ?

A

Brown algae

39
Q

What chlorophyll does brown algae have ?

A

Chlorophyll A and C

40
Q

What’s the accessory pigment of brown alga ?

A

Fuco xanthin

41
Q

What’s the largest and most complex algae ?

A

Kelp

42
Q

What’s the use of brown algae ?

A

Isolating algin
Used for agar
Thickening agent in foods

43
Q

Knotted wrack is found around where ?

A

Maine, sheltered areas ( lack of wave action )

44
Q

What do air bladders help with ?

A

Flotation ?

45
Q

What affects the distribution of knotted wrack ?

A

Wave exposure
Drying out ( from air )
Freezing

46
Q

Why’s rock weed ok around wave action ?

A

Shorter , less surface area to get hit and pulled

47
Q

Kelp is found on the east coast up until ?

A

New jersey

48
Q

Where is kelp generally found ?

A

In cold water where the bottom is hard, on the continental shelf

49
Q

What are ocean gyres ?

A

Large system of circular ocean current it involves global wind patterns

50
Q

What organism follows ocean gyres ?

A

Sea turtles

51
Q

Why are these circle patterns good ?

A

They mix and transport nutrients all around the world. Debri from earthquake in Japan was found in west coast of the usa because of ocean gyra.

52
Q

What’s the largest seaweed ?

A

Kelps

53
Q

What’s a frond ?

A

Body of seaweed

54
Q

Kelp in California gets how long ?

A

100m long

55
Q

Kelp can grow how much in a day ?

A

50cm

56
Q

Kelp had the highest growth rate for any primary producer . True or false ?

A

True

57
Q

With kelp what do the air bladders do ?

A

Help maintain position of the seaweed

58
Q

What gives kelp strength ?

A

The cell wall ???

59
Q

What does kelp have running down the middle ?

A

Specialised cells, called trumpet cells. They are specialised in kelp to help move sugars ( photosynthesis products ) to deport parts of the thallus

60
Q

What’s the kelps substitute for the vascular system ?

A

Trumpet cells

61
Q

How does kelp stay on a hard surface ?

A

Kelp had holdfast which is sturdy and has a strong attachment point

62
Q

What’s a kelp forest ?

A

Group of kelp, pretty in pacific

63
Q

Larger kelp dominate what?

A

The pacific

64
Q

Kelp communities are very ____ and support what ?

A

Complex and provides food for over 200 species of marine organisms

65
Q

What does kelp Forrest do ?

A

Provide cover for organisms

Help them camouflage

66
Q

What does urchin do ?

A

Kills the kelp

67
Q

What is the structure of coenocytic algae?

A

A single cell/few large celled thallus containing more than one nucleus surrounding a central vacuole enclosed in a cell wall.

68
Q

What are the most diverse group of marine algae?

A

Red

69
Q

Where is red algae located?

A

Lower intertidal

70
Q

Where can the deepest of red algae be found?

A

up to 200m of clear water.

71
Q

What are red algae’s primary pigments?

A

Chlorophylls a and d

72
Q

What are red algae’s accessory pigment?

A

phycobillin

73
Q

What is the term for organisms that grow on other organisms?

A

Epiphytes?

74
Q

Are red algae’s parasitic?

A

Yes, on some other red algae.

75
Q

What is a human use for red algae?

A

food thickener.

76
Q

What are differences between plants and algae?

A

Entire algae organisms is photosynthetic whereas plants are only a part, the entire organism absorbs co(2) and minerals.

77
Q

What is an example of a sea grass community?

A

Eel grass, paddle grass e.g.

78
Q

What is the deepest sea grass?

A

Paddle Grass

79
Q

Are pipefish sea grass?

A

No, they are predators that look like sea grasses.

80
Q

Will eating the leaves of seagrass kill it?

A

No, as long as the roots remain intact they will regrow

81
Q

Why are declining seagrass communities a problem?

A

There are fewer nurseries for juvenile fish, so there are less adult fish.

82
Q

What are examples of marine flowering plants?

A

Sea grass, salt marshes

Marine Biology (5 decks)

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