Marine algae and plants Flashcards
Seaweed can be found in what colours ?
Green red and browns
What effects the distribution do seaweed along the coast ?
Light availability and quality
- this affects the horizontal and vertical distribution of seaweed
If the water is clearer what can light do ?
Go deeper and effect the growth of seaweed
What do chloroplasts and chlorophyll do?
Help absorb light and have accessory pigments to use other waves of light to help with photosynthesis
Does temperature effect sea weed distribution?
Yes
How does temp affect seaweed distribution in tropical waters ?
The diversity is grester
Will all seaweed survive through winter ?
Parts of seaweed will survive winter and in spring it grows again
What kills seaweed (temp) ?
Too high to too low temperature
What affects seaweed distribution list?
Temp
Light
Depth
Explain how depth affects seaweed distribution?
Depth
- biotic and abiotic factors
What’s The important anatomical structures of seaweed ?
Thallus ? - body of the seaweed
Frond/blade - flat part
Hold fast - attachment point
Stipe - stem like region
Do all seaweed have a stipe ?
No
What parts of the seaweed is Made of photosynthetic cells ?
The thallus - body
What is the air bladder in seaweed for ?
Boyency , helps it float to maximise photosynthesis
Does seaweed have a vascular system ?
No
What’s the vascular tissue in plants called. ?
Xylem and phloem
What are the 3 groups of seaweed ?
Green, brown and red algae
How much do the sea floor is seaweed ?
2%
Where can seaweed grow not all plants can ?
It can grow on artificial surfaces
How many types of green algae are there ?
Over 7000
How much green algae is marine ?
700 types
What’s the primary pigment of green algae ?
Chlorophyll A and B
Where are green algae used ?
They are used in food, something for life stock, fertilisers and in some waste water treatments
What type of traits can an organism have ?
Derived or ancestorial
What an invasive species ?
Anything that is introduced and has a lack of predators
What animal is bad for the Maine environment. ?
Green crabs
What are dangers of invasive species ?
Lack of predators Exploitation fo resources Environmental harm Economic harm ( fishing etc ) Impact human health
Invasive can be both ok and bad for the ecosystem ? True or false ?
True
Periwinkle snail has a ___ effect ?
Neutral
Green fleece is what type of algae ?
Green
Green fleece is from where ?
Japan
What’s an invasive green algae ?
green fleece
Name other coenocytic green algae ?
Valois and caulerpa ( don’t need to know )
What type of algae is halimeda ?
A soemthing algae , incorporates calcium carbonate.
Halimeda main weight is formed from ?
Calcium carbonate
Where is halimeda found ?
On coral
How many brown algae marine species are there ?
1500
What’s the dominant algae in colder rock coast ?
Brown algae
What chlorophyll does brown algae have ?
Chlorophyll A and C
What’s the accessory pigment of brown alga ?
Fuco xanthin
What’s the largest and most complex algae ?
Kelp
What’s the use of brown algae ?
Isolating algin
Used for agar
Thickening agent in foods
Knotted wrack is found around where ?
Maine, sheltered areas ( lack of wave action )
What do air bladders help with ?
Flotation ?
What affects the distribution of knotted wrack ?
Wave exposure
Drying out ( from air )
Freezing
Why’s rock weed ok around wave action ?
Shorter , less surface area to get hit and pulled
Kelp is found on the east coast up until ?
New jersey
Where is kelp generally found ?
In cold water where the bottom is hard, on the continental shelf
What are ocean gyres ?
Large system of circular ocean current it involves global wind patterns
What organism follows ocean gyres ?
Sea turtles
Why are these circle patterns good ?
They mix and transport nutrients all around the world. Debri from earthquake in Japan was found in west coast of the usa because of ocean gyra.
What’s the largest seaweed ?
Kelps
What’s a frond ?
Body of seaweed
Kelp in California gets how long ?
100m long
Kelp can grow how much in a day ?
50cm
Kelp had the highest growth rate for any primary producer . True or false ?
True
With kelp what do the air bladders do ?
Help maintain position of the seaweed
What gives kelp strength ?
The cell wall ???
What does kelp have running down the middle ?
Specialised cells, called trumpet cells. They are specialised in kelp to help move sugars ( photosynthesis products ) to deport parts of the thallus
What’s the kelps substitute for the vascular system ?
Trumpet cells
How does kelp stay on a hard surface ?
Kelp had holdfast which is sturdy and has a strong attachment point
What’s a kelp forest ?
Group of kelp, pretty in pacific
Larger kelp dominate what?
The pacific
Kelp communities are very ____ and support what ?
Complex and provides food for over 200 species of marine organisms
What does kelp Forrest do ?
Provide cover for organisms
Help them camouflage
What does urchin do ?
Kills the kelp
What is the structure of coenocytic algae?
A single cell/few large celled thallus containing more than one nucleus surrounding a central vacuole enclosed in a cell wall.
What are the most diverse group of marine algae?
Red
Where is red algae located?
Lower intertidal
Where can the deepest of red algae be found?
up to 200m of clear water.
What are red algae’s primary pigments?
Chlorophylls a and d
What are red algae’s accessory pigment?
phycobillin
What is the term for organisms that grow on other organisms?
Epiphytes?
Are red algae’s parasitic?
Yes, on some other red algae.
What is a human use for red algae?
food thickener.
What are differences between plants and algae?
Entire algae organisms is photosynthetic whereas plants are only a part, the entire organism absorbs co(2) and minerals.
What is an example of a sea grass community?
Eel grass, paddle grass e.g.
What is the deepest sea grass?
Paddle Grass
Are pipefish sea grass?
No, they are predators that look like sea grasses.
Will eating the leaves of seagrass kill it?
No, as long as the roots remain intact they will regrow
Why are declining seagrass communities a problem?
There are fewer nurseries for juvenile fish, so there are less adult fish.
What are examples of marine flowering plants?
Sea grass, salt marshes
