Marian Religion Flashcards
What problems did Mary face in restoring papal jurisdiction over England? - Marian Religion
Protestantism was popular in England and would be difficult to stamp out, much of the Church of England was enshrined in statute law, political elites had benefited from the acquisition of ex-monastic land and would not surrender this.
How many bishops did Mary deprive of their offices? - Marian Religion
Mary deprived 7 PROTESTANT bishops from their offices.
When did Mary repeal the religious laws passed during Edward’s reign? What impact did this have? - Marian Religion
Mary repealed Edward’s religious reforms in October 1553, reverting the church service to its condition at the time of Henry VIII’s death in 1547.
What action did Mary take against married clergy? When? - Marian Religion
Mary deprived any married clergy of their church offices for breaking the traditions of the Catholic Church, doing so in October 1553.
What issue did Mary have with using Parliamentary legislation to restore the papal supremacy? - Marian Religion
By using Parliamentary legislation to revert to the papal supremacy, this would mean that Mary would be recognising the legitimacy of the original laws passed under Henry VIII to remove papal influence, as such recognising statute law over divine law.
What caused delays to Mary’s attempts to restore the papal supremacy to England? What was the outcome of this? - Marian Religion
Mary’s attempts to restore the papal supremacy were delayed by a dispute over the ownership of ex-monastic land in England. Eventually, the papacy conceded that it would be politically impossible to restore ex-monastic land to the church and made concessions.
Who was Cardinal Reginald Pole? - Marian Religion
Cardinal Pole was appointed as the papal ambassador to England during Mary’s reign, becoming her most trusted advisor on matters such as the restoration of Catholicism and the papal supremacy.
When was the Act of Repeal passed? What impacts did this have? - Marian Religion
The Act of Repeal was passed in 1555, revoking the royal supremacy and returning England to the remit of the Catholic Pope.
What impacts did the death of Pope Julius have on Mary? - Marian Religion
Pope Julius’ death saw the anti-Spanish Pope Paul succeed him, with this creating a division between Mary’s closest foreign ally and her religious convictions. This eventually ended in her being in conflict with the Pope.
How did Pope Paul alter Pole’s remit within England? How did Mary respond to this? - Marian Religion
Pope Paul replaced Pole with William Peto as Papal Legate in England, meaning that he was no longer able to act directly on behalf of the church in England. Mary reacted to this by still entrusting Pole as her closest religious advisor, in a way disregarding the Papal Supremacy as she disrespected Paul’s wishes with regards to Pole.
How many people did Mary burn as part of her policy of burning heretics? Who were notable religious figures? - Marian Religion
Mary burned 289 people as heretics during her reign, with this including Latimer, Hooper, Ridley and Archbishop Cranmer.
What background were the majority of burnt heretics from? What impact did this have on perceptions of the policy? - Marian Religion
The majority of burnt heretics were from humble backgrounds rather than upper class followers of Protestantism. This meant that sympathies and sadness was expressed upon their burning by people in their local communities.
Assess the overall impact of the burning of heretics under Mary - Marian Religion
The burning of heretics overall was a flawed policy due to the effective creation of martyrs for the Protestant population to follow. This resulted in sympathy among the wider population too as they spectated at the burnings, weakening the sense of fear and oppression Mary hoped to create.
When was Pole’s legatine synod held? What were the impacts of this? - Marian Religion
Pole’s Legatine Synod was held between 1555-6, outlining the expectations of the clergy. This determined that bishops should reside in their dioceses, oversee spiritual ceremonies and religious life in their communities, as well as preach.
How many Protestants fled to Europe at the start of 1554? - Marian Religion
800 Protestants fled to Europe at the start of 1554, signalling discontent with Mary’s shift towards Protestantism.
