Marcomolecules -Lipids, Nucleic acids, Protein, carbohydrate

Question 1

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides are simple sugars that constitute blocks of more complex forms of sugars. examples are glucose, fructose and galactose.

Question 2

What are disaccharides

Answer 2

disaccharides are double sugars, examples of them are Maltose sucrose and lactose.

Question 3

what are other names for lipids

Answer 3

fats; triglycerides or triacyglycerol

Question 4

what are fats formed by

Answer 4

fats are formed by bonding of glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 5

fatty acids are either

Answer 5

saturated or unsaturated

Question 6

what are saturated fatty acids

Answer 6

it means that they have no double covalent bond between carbon atoms and it is solid at room temperature. examples are your coconut oil or butter or avocado

Question 7

what are unsaturated fats by fatty acids

Answer 7

it means it contains one or more double covalent bond between carbon atoms and it is usually liquid at room temperature example are your sunflower oil

Question 8

why are saturated fats good

Answer 8

because of its molecular structure = lower calories

Question 9

what is the most important steriod

Answer 9

cholesterol

Question 10

what does cholesterol do and which part of component is it in

Answer 10

cholesterol is a componenet in animal cell membranes (not in plant cell) and it givies rigidity (adds fludity)

Question 11

what are phospholipids

Answer 11

phospholipids are similar to triglyceride but one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate

Question 12

describe the structure of phospholipids

Answer 12

phospholipids has a hydrophillic head (polar) and hydrophobic tails. (non-polar)

Question 13

how are lipid bilayers form

Answer 13

when phospholipids mixed with water, it spontaneously form membranes that are described as lipid bilayers (two layers of phospholipids

Question 14

chemcial formula for monosaccharides

Answer 14

C6(H20)6

Question 15

chemcial formula for disaccharides

Answer 15

C12(H2O)12

Question 16

how are sucrose form

Answer 16

sucrose are form when glucose +fructose

Question 17

how are maltose form

Answer 17

maltose are form when glucose + glucose

Question 18

how are lactose form

Answer 18

lactose are form when glucose and galactose

Question 19

explain on dehydration synthesis

Answer 19

when monosaccharides combine like example glucose and fructose and water molecule is released a(water is the by product)

Question 20

explain on hydrolysis

Answer 20

converting polysaccharides to monosaccharides. while condensation elimates water hydrolysis utilizes water molecule

Question 21

most carbohydrates are composed of

Answer 21

composed of carbon (c), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) and the ratio is 1:2:1, (CH2O)n

Question 22

2 main functions of carbohydrate

Answer 22

1. major source of energy for daily activities
2. serve as structure materials (eg. plant cell wall)

Question 23

plant store glucose as…

Answer 23

starch

Question 24

animal store glucose as…

Answer 24

glycogen