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Caleb's Step 1 > March 14 > Flashcards

March 14 Flashcards

1
Q

myoglobin

A

causes kidney injury in the setting of rhabdomyolysis

CK is a marker of rhabdo

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2
Q

Vitamin E Deficiency

A

posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

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3
Q

anticoag that causes thrombocytopenia

A

heparin (can be used in PE)

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4
Q

staghorn canaliculus

A

struvite stone aka ammonium magnesium phosphate

radio-opaque

caused by urease positive bugs: proteus, klebsiella, staph saprophyticus

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5
Q

pemphigus vulgaris

A

autoantibodies against desmosomglian (component of desmosomes)

epidermal acantholysis resulting in flaccid intraepidermal bulla

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6
Q

hypochromic RBCs

A

iron deficiency due to GI blood loss

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7
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

A

rectum motility
internal urethral sphincter
erections

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8
Q

‘beads on a string’ appearance of artery

A

fibromuscular dysplasia
polyarteritis nodosa
primary hypertension

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9
Q

results of portal HTN (like in alcoholics)

A

caput medusae

esophageal varicies

anal-rectal varicies (hemmorhoids)

spider angioma

gynecomastia

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10
Q

Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

acid fast bacillus

likes cool temperatures

glove and stocking loss of sensation

tx: dapsone, rifampin clofazimine

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11
Q

TNF-alpha

A

fever and hypotension (vascular leak), WBC recruitment

cachexia in malignancy

secreted by macrophages in response to Lipid A of endotoxin

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12
Q

Physical Exam findings of pleural effusion

A

decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
decreased tactile fremitus

fluid between the pleural layers

tx: thoracentesis

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13
Q

pneumothorax

A

decreased tactile fremitus
hyper resonance
diminished breath sounds

trachea deviates away

air in the pleural space

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14
Q

hCG causes gynecomastia by

A

binding to testicle and causing estradiol production

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15
Q

LH stimulates

A

Leydig cells to produce testosterone

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16
Q

FSH stimulates

A

sertoli cells for spermatogenesis

secrete androgen binding protein and MIF

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17
Q

Development at 10 months

A

pincer grasp
pull to stand
object permanence (9mo)

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18
Q

myxoma

A

left atria

multiple syncopal episodes
throw clots

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19
Q

Porphyria cutanea tarda

A

defective heme synthesis

photosensitivity –> blisters

most common porphyria

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20
Q

Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

A

liver, kidney and intestinal epithelium

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21
Q

Loratadine

A

second gen antihistamine (H1 blocker)

for allergies, less sedation (decreased CNA penetration)

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22
Q

H2 blockers

A 
Cimetidine (inhibitor CYP)
also ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine, nizatidine

H2 block for decreased H+ secretion

peptic ulcer disease

23
Q

Neural Tube Defects

A

occur at 4th week
increased AFP and AChE in amniotic fluid

associated with low Folate intake

24
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

problem forming triple helix of COLLAGEN -

most common form due to decreased production of normal collagen

25
Q

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

A

defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD18)

impaired migration and chemotaxis

umbilical cord doesnt seperate for 30 days

persistent leukocytosis without infection

COLD abscesses (no inflammation nor pus formation)

26
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Poxvirus (dsDNA linear and enveloped)

flesh colored papules, transferred by fomites

27
Q

ARD of Ibutilide

A

Torsades de pointes

Class III antiarrhythmic - increase QT, prolonged phase 3

tx: atrial fibrillation

28
Q

1-3 Days post MI

A

fibrinous pericarditis (pericardial rub)

coagulative necrosis

inflammation with neutrophils

29
Q

3-14 Days post MI

A

Free wall rupture –> tamponade
papillary muscle rupture –> mitral regurg
pseudoaneurysm

macrophages then granulation tissue at margins

30
Q

Complication of cocaine abuse

A

dissecting aneurysm (–> aortic valve insufficiency –> diastolic murmur)

31
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent for solid tumors and leukemias/lymphomas

inhibits DNA replication

ARD: hemorrhagic cystitis - give mesna

32
Q

cyclosporine

A

Calcineurin inhibitor

blocks T-cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription

tx: transplant rejection
P - psoriasis
A - ankylosing spondylitis 
I - IBD
R - rheumatoid and reactive arthritis

Nephrotoxic

33
Q

Rosacea

A

@FACE: erythematous papules and pustules

facial flushing with alcohol or heat

34
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

christmas tree distribution on trunk

35
Q

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A

Autosomal Dominant

multiple GI hamartomas

hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitals

increased breast and GI cancers

36
Q

Turcot Syndrome

A

FAP + malignant CNS tumor

Turcot = Turban (not chill)

37
Q

Gardner Syndrome

A

FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors

too many teeth (possibly impacted)

38
Q

EBV associated cancers

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Burkitt lymphoma

infects B-cells via CD21

39
Q

Right MLF Lesion

A

affects right eye - inability to track and affected eye gets nystagmus

MS patients

40
Q

C5-C9 deficiency

A

recurrent systemic Neisseria bacteremia

inability to assemble MAC complex, which protects against gram negative bugs

41
Q

Winter Formula

A

1.5(HCO3) +/- 8 = Predicted PCo2 ) (+/-2)

if observed is in range of predicted, then its a pure metabolic derangement

if measured is greater than predicted then there is respiratory acidosis

if measured is less than predicted its respiratory alkalosis

42
Q

Haemophilus influenza type B vaccine

A

given at 2 months

converts T-independent antigens to T-dependent forms = Conjugate Vaccine

conjugated to diptheria toxin

43
Q

NA<120

A

SIADH

urine osmol&raquo_space;» plasma
Na way down

44
Q

Schizoid

A

distant

voluntary social withdrawal
constricted affect

‘recluse’

45
Q

Avoidant

A

desire relationships but scared of rejection

46
Q

Antisocial

A

sociopath

don’t play by societal norms

47
Q

sulfasalazine

A

treatment for colitits - combo antibacterial antiinflammatory

for UC and Crohns colitis

48
Q

Heparin

A

potentiates antithrombin III

ARD = thrombocytopenia

monitoring = PTT

49
Q

CYP inhibitors

A

CRACK AMIGOS in GQ

Cimitidine
Ritonavir (protease inhibitor)
Amiodarone (Class III)
Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone - DNA gyrase
Ketaconazole (and other azoles - inhibit ergosterol synth)

Acute Alcohol #inhibitions
Macrolides 
Isoniazid
Grapefruit Juice
Omeprazole 
Sulfonamides

Gemfibrizil
Quinidine

50
Q

CYP Inducers

A

Bull Shit CRAP GPS

Barbituates
St. J wort 
Carbamazipine 
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin 
Griseofulvin 
Phenobarbitol 
Sulfonylurea
51
Q

IBD treatment

A

TNF-alpha antibodies

infliximab
adalimumab

52
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

African American Females

non-caseating granuloma
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased ACE in serum
increased CD4:CD8
increased 1-alpha-hydroxylase --> increased 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol --> increased calcium

tx: steroids

53
Q

enterococcus faecalis/fecium

A

non-hemolytic
catalase negative

gram positive cocci in pairs and chains

grows in 6.5% NaCl
grows in Bile

often vanc resistant

endocarditis, UTI, biliary tree infection

tx: linezolid

Caleb's Step 1 (16 decks)

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