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Geography SKE > Maps and GIS > Flashcards

Maps and GIS Flashcards

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1
Q

What maps are common in an Atlas?

A

Political and Physical maps

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2
Q

Political map

A
  • Shows country/county/state boundaries
  • Capital and key cities marked on
  • Doesn’t show natural features
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3
Q

Physical map

A
  • Shows height (pale green for flat land and brown for higher lands/ purple is highest)
  • Key features like rivers and sea features (oceans/bays)
  • Doesn’t include lots of labels (e.g. country labels may be missing)
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4
Q

Chloropleth map

A

Uses different colours to show a scale.
An area that is a darker colour may show a level of an indicator (perhaps high income per capita), but a lighter colour will show the opposite (low income per capita).

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5
Q

How might you use a Chloropleth map?

A

Students are expected to look at it and pull out patterns.

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6
Q

Isoline map

A

Any place that have the same value will be joined by a line on this map.
(e.g. contours are isolines.)
Weather maps are often Isoline maps as they show places with the same pressure along the lines.

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7
Q

Flow Line map

A

Shows movement and it’s direction.
The bigger the line the bigger the movement.
It will start at the ‘from’ point then flow with the movement until reaching the ‘to’ point.

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8
Q

What map is similar to a Flow Line map?

A

Desire Line map, but these are more general as they are a straight line and don’t show a route.

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9
Q

Proportional Symbol map

A

Symbols are places on a map to present data, the symbols size is proportional to the data.
E.g. the higher the concentration of number, the bigger the symbol size.

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10
Q

Dot map

A

The higher the concentration of dots the higher the number.
The more spartially spread out dots show a smaller number.
(Simialr to proportional symbol but the dots are not proportional, instead the focus is on the density of the dots).

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11
Q

What are two types of maps created from photographs taken from above the ground?

A

Satellite and Aerial (from a plane)

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12
Q

Why are Satellite maps useful?

A

Comparisons over times.
- Compare one map to one from years before to see how settlements, infastructure, etc have grown or to see coastal erosion and deforestation.
Compare to a normal map
- Find features from the normal map and see how they look on the satellite map.

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13
Q

Geological map

A

It shows the rock beneath your feet and the ages of the rock.
(In reality it is more complex as there are many layers of rock.)

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14
Q

Why are Geological maps useful?

A

Comparing areas of coast or rivers to see why one place formed differently that another.

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15
Q

Sketch map

A

A simple sketch of a map often used to mark down key features during fieldwork. Usually includes labels and annotations.

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16
Q

How might GCSE’s use Sketch maps?

A

Students may be asked to draw, label or annotate a Sketch map.

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17
Q

OS map

A

A very important and regularly used type of map in the UK, usually used for hiking etc.
They are very detialed and have a variety of scales.
Colours and symbols are the same across their maps.

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18
Q

What are the two types of OS maps?

A

The Landranger and the Explorer

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19
Q

What is the scale for the Landranger map?

A

1:50000

1cm = 500m

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20
Q

What is the scale for the Explorer map?

A

1:25000

1cm = 250m

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21
Q

What does GIS stand for?

A

Geographical Information Systems

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22
Q

How does GIS work?

A

Allows you to layer lots of place based information on top of each other.
(Our economy relies heavily on this.)

23
Q

Why is GIS useful?

A

Take lots of layers of place base information to determine possible outcomes.
E.g. to find out how vulnerable an area is to an earthquake you could layer plate boundaries with buildings and population, with road services, with emergency services coverage.

24
Q

What knowledge would help you describe distribution?

A
  • Latitude and Longitudde
  • Continents
  • Major Countries
  • Coastal/ Interior
  • Groups/Clusters/Lines
25
Q

Why is it easier to focus on major countries when describing distribution?

A

If the countries chosen for focus are too small it will be hard to find on the map and to anaylse the data.
US/ Brazil/ China are easier to find and patterns will be clearer.

26
Q

What do you need to be able to do when interpreting maps?

A

Draw the information together.

27
Q

What is the reason for height information on a map?

A

To help you visualise it in 3D.

28
Q

What are the key features usually spotted with contours?

A

Hills
- circle rings with a peak ring in the middle
Valley
V shaped valley
- steep sides and low level middle where the river runs
Spur
- the area inbetween valleys
- reverse of a valley
- Steep in the middle and low at the edges

29
Q

Where in the UK will you see glacial features?

A

The lake district

30
Q

What shape valley does a glacier create?

A

U shaped

31
Q

Spot height

A

The exact height of a particular spot.
(Air survey height is calculatedfrom aeroplane or satellite and grpund survey heigh is calculated fromt he ground - can be used interchangeably.)

32
Q

Do latitude and longitudes change?

A

No

33
Q

Latitude

A

Horizontal Lines.
From North to South.
Range from 0 to 90 degrees.
They are parrellel wrap around the world so they the equator is the longest and the Arctic/Antarctic circles are shorter.

34
Q

Longitude

A

Verticle lines from the north pole to the south pole.
They go East or West.
As they join at the poles they curve and are not parallel (slightly harder to read).
0 to 180 degrees.

35
Q

How are Latitude and Longitude measured?

A

At an angle from the centre (inside) of the earth.

36
Q

What degree Latitude is the equator at?

A

O degrees

37
Q

What degree Latitude are the tropics?

A

Cancer is 23.5 degrees North.
Capricorn is 23.5 degrees South.
(Are between get direct rays from the sun so is tropical and warm)

38
Q

What degree Latitude are the Arctic and Antarctic circles?

A

Arctic is 66.6 degrees North.
Antarctice is 66.6 degrees South.
(At some point in the year they receive no sunlight for 24 hours and 24 hours without the sun going down.)

39
Q

What is the name of the 0 degrees Longitude line?

A

Prime Meridian

40
Q

What is the international date line?

A

At roughly 180 degrees.

Divides one day from the next.

41
Q

How are time zones different to longitude lines?

A

They are based on Longitude lines, but they are also chosen by countries.
So a country may decide to adopt one time zone throughout their whole country even though they cross mulitple longitude lines or to help facilitate communication or deals with a trade partner.

42
Q

Which order do you take coordinates?

A

Latitude (left or right) then Longitude (top or bottom).

Start with the equator and move north or south, start with the meridian and move east or west.

43
Q

How do you take a 4 figure grid reference?

A

‘Along the corridor then up the stairs’
Easting along the bottom then northings on the side.
Read relates to the bottom left corner of the grid square.

44
Q

Do you use commas or brakets in grid references?

A

Nope.

1844 - 18 is the easting and 44 is the northing.

45
Q

How do you take a 6 figure grid reference?

A

Work out your 4 figure first.
imagine 10 lines between the grid easting and northings.
1844 - 18 is the easting and 44 is the northing.
182445 - use the 2 and the 5 to pinpoint within the square.
(Judge from the bottom of the symbol)

46
Q

Measuring a straight line on a map?

A

Use a ruler then calculate using the scale or place ruler on the scale bar.

47
Q

Measuring a route on a map?

A

Place string along the route, measure the string against the scale.
Scrap paper - place the paper along the route, mark on the paper everytime the line changes direction, rotate the paper and measure from there to the next direction change. Measure the first and last marks.

48
Q

Aura

A

Describing influence that a place can have on neighbouring locations

49
Q

Region

A

Drawing a line around places that share similar characteristics or are functionally link

50
Q

Transition

A

Describing what happens between two places/regions with known (and different) conditions

51
Q

Analogy

A

Finding places on different continents that have similar positions and therefore similar conditions

52
Q

Heirarchy

A

Identifying a spatial hierarchy and how ‘nested’ features relate to each other.

53
Q

Pattern

A

Describing the distribution of features and conditions

54
Q

Naismith’s Rule

A

5km/hr plus half an hour for every 300m of ascent.
1 contour = 1 extra min
1 thick contour = 5 extra min

Geography SKE (5 decks)

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