Cities and Urban Society

Question 1

Urban

Answer 1

cities, towns, built up areas, settlements

Question 2

Rural

Answer 2

Countryside, hamlets / villages but not really more than that settlement wise.

Question 3

Burgess model

Concentric zone model

Answer 3

CBD
Transition zone
Low income housing
Middle income housing
Commuting zone / High income housing

Question 4

Sector/ Hyot model

Answer 4

Transport links is more important for where businesses and residents set up.
Organised by sectors rather than rings.

Question 5

Multiple nuclei model

Answer 5

Things happen together in clusters.

Business parks locate together etc.

Question 6

Issues with land use models

Answer 6

• not totally accurate
• over simplify
• developed around HIC

Question 7

Rural to Urban migration

Answer 7

Moving from rural areas because of push factors, into urban areas due to pull factors.
Main agent causing city growth.

Question 8

Natural increase

Answer 8

Birth rate minus death rate.

Question 9

Push factors

Answer 9

Desertification + soil erosion = farming difficult + reduces land they can farm on
Poor harvests
Drought/climate hazards
- Costly to protect against hazards and not beneficial if only a few houses vulnerable
Poor infrastructure
- Education, health, wifi, roads, electricity, sanitation, water supply

Question 10

Pull factors

Answer 10

(More true as a perception than a reality.)
More well-paid jobs.
Higher standard of living.
Links already - family or friends live there.
More opportunities - education, life style.

Question 11

Demographic model trends

Answer 11

High birth and high death rate = steady rate

Death rates tends to fall first as healthcare improves etc
- Birth rate stays high due to lack of education or access to healthcare
Most rapid increase is in stage 2
- Big increase in pop as death rate fall but birth rate doesnt

Once they both decrease we are go back to a steady

Stage 5 is when birth rate will fall below death rate

• Decreasing pop
• Generally waiting to see if that really happens

Question 12

Effects of rapid urbanisaton

Answer 12

Mega cities = over 10 million inhabitants

• Speed of growth will affect its quality due to a lack of planning /development
• If slowly or with good planning then usually okay

Growth of squatter settlements

• Usually edges of cities or unused land inside cities
• Unplanned
• Usually illegal (at least to begin)

Question 13

Squatter Settlement Challenges

Answer 13

Poorly constructed
Undesirable locations - steep slopes = dangerous in natural hazards, near railways or rivers
Usually illegal
- Lack of land rights
- - No compensation after natural disasters etc
- Amenities cant cope
- - Population increases too rapidly without planning
Lack of running water, electricity etc
- May tap into them illegally
High rates of unemployment and crime
- May not be accurate as often working in informal employment
- Not good for govt as dont pay taxes