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GIS > Maps > Flashcards

Maps Flashcards

1
Q

three principles for designing maps

A
  1. focus (who the map is for)
  2. simplicity (what data is needed what isn’t?)
  3. think cross disciplinary
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2
Q

what does a map represent

A

spatial data that provides a reader with information

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3
Q

can maps be abstract

A

YES - can be ideas or concepts

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4
Q

are maps considered a model

A

YES

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5
Q

are maps truthful

A

NO - all maps are wrong

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6
Q

what is cartographic generalization

A

the simplification of representing items on a map

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7
Q

does GIS data have a map scale before or after map is printed

A

AFTER printed

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8
Q

what controls generalization

A

scale

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9
Q

what are two ways of generalization

A
  1. line simplification
  2. reduction of spatial complexity
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10
Q

how can curves on a map be simplified

A

by using a subset of the original points

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11
Q

how can features be moved to increase clarity

A

smoothing them (make straight lines smooth and remove elements that aren’t needed)

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12
Q

geographic scale

A

real world size or area of a feature

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13
Q

relationship between objects on ground to geographic scale

A

larger ground objects = larger geographic scale

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14
Q

map scale

A

a value representing the number of units on a map relative to the number of same units on the ground

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15
Q

what is representative scale

A

the number of units on a map : the number of SAME units on the ground

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16
Q

what are three ways a map scale can be represented

A
  1. representative fraction
  2. verbal
  3. scale bar
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17
Q

do representative fractions have units

A

NO

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18
Q

scale bar

A

a graphic representation of the map scale

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19
Q

what is the best option for scale on a map

A

scale bar

20
Q

large vs small scale map

A

large scale: maps showing SMALL geographic region with LARGE representative fraction value

small scale: maps showing a LARGE geographic region with a SMALL representative fraction value

21
Q

are features on a small scale map large or small

A

small

22
Q

are features on a large scale map large or small

A

large

23
Q

large or small scale map

A

large

24
Q

large or small scale map

A

small

25
Q

accuracy vs precision

A

accuracy: degree for which information matches the true value

precision: the level of exactness/repeatability of a dataset

26
Q

is accuracy or precision “how far the data is from the reference point”

A

accuracy

27
Q

is accuracy or precision “the distribution of data around a mean value”

A

precision

28
Q

what is the standard mapping accuracy

A

0.5 mm

29
Q

what happens to the area of uncertainty as the scale increases

A

area of uncertainty increases as scale increases

30
Q

what are some purposes for maps

A
  1. reference map
  2. thematic map
31
Q

reference map

A

a map that shows where geographic features are relative to each other

32
Q

topographic map

A

designed to convey information about a single topic

33
Q

type of map

A

thematic

34
Q

type of map

A

reference

35
Q

contrast points , polygones and lines

A

points
- no area or length

polygons
- has area

lines
- has length

36
Q

what is symbology

A

set of conventions that define how geographic features are represented with symbols on a map

37
Q

what does symbology refer to

A

the size, shape and colour of symbols used

38
Q

why are single symbol symbology used

A

show one set of data (where things are)

39
Q

why are unique values used for symbology

A

show contrast between features in different categories (embassy by colour for each country)

40
Q

what are graduated color symbology

A

features are placed in classes based on numeric values (shows density)

41
Q

why is classification used in maps

A
  1. for quantitate data
  2. when applying graduated symbology
42
Q

three types of classification

A
  1. natural breaks
  2. equal interval
  3. quantile
43
Q

pros and cons of natural breaks classification

A

pro
- good for mapping uneven distribution

cons
- not good for comparing data
- difficult to find the proper number of classes

44
Q

pros and cons of quantile classification

A

pro
- provides understanding of relative position

cons
- similar features can be placed in different classes
- widely different features can be placed in the same class

45
Q

pros and cons of equal interval classification

A

pro
- best for values such as percentage or temp

cons
- prone to issues with clustering
- not ideal of uneven distribution

46
Q

why is normalization used in maps

A

it creates a ratio map, allows for comparison between different areas

GIS (5 decks)

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