GIS Flashcards
what crisis led to the first use of mapping techniques
the cholera outbreak in London (1854)
what was the leading medical theory in the time of the cholera outbreak
masma - disease was called by smell
who is the grandfather of GIS
Ian McHarg
what did Ian McHarg pioneer
argued the idea that humans should integrate with nature and strongly
what was Ian McHarg fundamental in forming
the basic concept used in GIS (sieve mapping)
what is sieve mapping
mapping by stacking different layers over each other to tell the story of the area
who is the father of GIS
Roger Tomlinson
what did Roger Tomlinson create
the Canadian Geographic System (CGIS)
who created the first operational GIS
Roger Tomlinson
who created the first computer mapping software
Howard Fisher
who founded ESRI
Jack and Laura Dangermond
who created the first COMMERCIAL GIS product
ESRI
what is Volunteered geographic information
user generated or crowdsourced geospatial content
how does VGI gain geolocation data
portable technology
what is the benefit to geospatial cloud
allows for increased operational efficiency and allows analyze large data sets
what is GIS
computer based hardware and software used to capture, analyze, manipulate and visualize geospatial data
what separates GIS from other software
the ability to handle spatial data
what is the toolbox in GIS
system for capturing, checking, manipulating and displaying data
what are some things GIS tools can do
- model data
- manipulate data
- monitor change
- identify trends
can GIS store non-spatial data and spatial data
YES
what does G consider in GIS
geographical
- any data with spatial coordinates (points, lines, polygons, rasters)
what does I mean for GIS
information
- databases and data integration
0- non spatial data
what does S mean in GIS
system
- integration of data and tools
what part of GIS are users a part of
S - System
what are the five steps for GIS
- ask
- acquire
- examine
- analyze
- act
what is metadata
describe information about a data file
what is a geodatabase
single folder that can hold numerous files with almost unlimited space
what are two features in a geodatabase
- feature class
- feature dataset
contrast feature class and dataset
class
- single data layer (point, line, polygon)
dataset
- grouping of multiple feature classes
what is an affective way of storing data
feature dataset
what does the catalog do in GIS
allows you to view, create and manage items in a project
what are two types of data
- discrete object view
- raster data
- continuous field view
what is discrete object view
data representing the world by a series of separate objects
what are examples of discrete object data
- points
- lines
- polygons
contrast polygons, lines and points
points
- simple set of coordinates
lines
- one dimensional object that connects starting and endpoints
polygons
- 2D object that forms an area from a set of lines
what is continuous field of view data
data that views the world as items that vary across earth’s surface as a CONSTANT field
examples of continuous field data
- noise
- precipitation
- temp
- elevation
raster data model
spatial model that uses an array of EQUAL sized cells arranged in rows and columns
what is the main type of continuous data
raster data
