Maps

Question 1

What are maps?

Answer 1

• visual representation showing relationships between and among objects and/or concepts

Question 2

Maps - Simple definition

Answer 2

Relationship between/ among places. Way of navigating concepts & places

Question 3

3D -> 2D Pros @ Cons

Answer 3

• Highlights and hides aspects of reality
• Maps hide a whole spatial dimension

Question 4

Mercator projection (1569)

Answer 4

• every line is constant direction
• lines of latitude and longitude stay orthogonal

Question 5

Sanson-Flamsteed sinusoidal projection

Answer 5

Continents proportional
More distorted (wide at equator)

Question 6

Mercator Pros

Answer 6

Sailing made it popular. Kept lines of longitude parallel

Question 7

Mercator Cons

Answer 7

Lines are parallel causing lots of distortion away from the equator

Question 8

Authograph Projection

Answer 8

• Most accurate
• Distortion in ocean (better as we live on land)
• Little distortion on land

Question 9

Map in 1700s

Answer 9

• simple and local
• track minerals and resources
• no symbols

Question 10

Connecting rock layers

Answer 10

• William Smith
• Steno’s lateral continuity and superposition

Question 11

Smith’s Map

Answer 11

• maps as a tool to organize
• organize fossils (strata) from bottom to top
• slanted land layers

Question 12

Geologic Map Purposes

Answer 12

• elevation/topography (lay of the land)
• geology at the surface (interpolated)
• subsurface geology (interpretation, extrapolation)
• time/ history (substituting space for time
• connects areas together

Question 13

Features of Present Geological Maps

Answer 13

• 3D structures on 2D surface (strata, fault planes, folds, intrusions, foliation)
• Topography (contour lines)
• Rock types (colours)
• Stratigraphic sequence (rock descriptions in legends)
• Structure ( sequence of events constructing the story of the area)

Question 14

Dip

Answer 14

The slope of a dipping bed (inscriptions)

Question 15

Strike

Answer 15

Line perpendicular to slope and parallel to bedding surface (inscriptions

Question 16

Inscriptions to show 3D surface

Answer 16

• Topographic map
• Contour lines (lines connecting points of equal elevation)

Question 17

Topographic Lines

Answer 17

• Lines are far (less elevation) lines are close (more elevation)
• Lines never cross
• Increasing to decreasing value

Question 18

Combined Factors of Geologic Map

Answer 18

1. Structure (strike, dip, folds, faults)
2. Topography (contour lines)
3. Bedrock (kind and age)