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Abi Geography 2016 > Map Skills > Flashcards

Map Skills Flashcards

1
Q

What are vertical aerial photographs?

A

Aerial photographs taken from directly above

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2
Q

What are oblique aerial photographs?

A

Aerial photos taken at an angle

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3
Q

How do you work out gradient?

A

The vertical height distance divided by the horizontal distance

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4
Q

What is a mesa?

A

A land formation that has steep walls and a relatively flat top, not unlike a plateau

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5
Q

What is a butte?

A

Similar to a mesa , but less extensive in length

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6
Q

What are the three ways to measure height?

A

Spot height
Trigonometrical beacons
Benchmarks

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7
Q

What are photographs taken from aeroplanes called?

A

Aerial photographs

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8
Q

What are the two types of aerial photographs?

A

Vertical

Oblique

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9
Q

What is a feature?

A

A land form such as a river, hill or road

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10
Q

What is a cartographer?

A

A person who makes maps

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11
Q

What are the wavy black lines on an orthophoto map?

A

Contour lines

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12
Q

What do contour lines tell us?

A

They tell us about the height and shape of the land

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13
Q

What do the numbers on contour lines tell us?

A

The metres above sea level

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14
Q

What is the scale of an orthophoto map?

A

1:10 000

This means that one centimetre on the map is equal to 10 000cm on the ground (100 m)

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15
Q

What are 5 things that all maps should have?

A 
An aerial view
Symbols to represent things in the ground
Key to explain the symbols
Accurate map scale
North arrow or compass
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16
Q

What are the points of a compass called?

A

Cardinal points

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17
Q

What are the 16 cardinal points?

A 
North
North North East
North East
East North East
East
East South East
South East
South South East
South
South South West
South West
West South West
West
West North West
North West
North North West
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18
Q

What do we use when we want to be more accurate about the position of something?

A

Bearing

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19
Q

How is bearing measured?

A

Degrees

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20
Q

What instrument can be used to measure bearing?

A

Protractor

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21
Q

How do maps show the land?

A

From directly above

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22
Q

What are vertical aerial photographs?

A

They are aerial photographs taken from directly above

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23
Q

What do we use to represent things on maps?

A

Symbols and colour

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24
Q

What are contour lines?

A

Symbols that show height in a map

They also show the shape of the land

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25
How are contour lines drawn?
Places with the same height are connected by a line
26
How is height in maps measured?
Height above sea level
27
What is a contour interval?
The distance between two contour lines
28
What three sources of information do cartographers use when making maps?
Vertical aerial photographs Satellite images Land surveys done by people on the ground
29
What is gradient?
The steepness of a slope
30
What is steepness?
The angle of the slope
31
When will there be a steep gradient?
When there is a big difference in height between two places, but a small difference in distance
32
What is an example of a steep gradient?
A cliff
33
What is a gentle gradient?
When there is a big difference in the distance between two places, but little difference in the height
34
What is an example of a gentle gradient?
A sloping field
35
What is the formula to work out gradient?
The vertical height difference divided by the horizontal distance
36
How is gradient written?
As a ratio
37
How do contour lines show a steep gradient?
They will be closer together
38
How,do contour lines show a gentle gradient?
They will be further apart
39
What are river valleys?
Places that are lower than the surrounding land | They may have (had) rivers running through them
40
What do river valleys look like in mountain areas?
They have steep sides
41
What do river valleys look like in contour lines?
They make a v shape
42
Where does the v point in river valleys?
Toward the source of the water
43
What are spurs?
They are sloping pieces of land that stick out between different river valleys
44
How do contour lines look at spurs?
They make a u shape
45
Where is the scale most accurate in a vertical aerial photograph?
Toward the center
46
What is an orthophoto image?
A vertical aerial photograph One where any distortions are made clear One where the scale is made accurate
47
What is an orthophoto image?
An orthophoto image with added details
48
What kinds of information is shown on orthophoto maps?
``` Place names Contour lines Heights Road numbers Grid showing coordinates Spot heights ```
49
What is a spot height?
A specific spot on a map where the exact height above sea level is shown
50
What is a topographic map?
A map that shows the shape of the land
51
What is the scale of a topographic map?
1:50000
52
What does this scale mean? (1:50000)
It means that every unit of measurement on the map is equal to 50 000 of those on the ground
53
What do symbols show?
Natural features | Constructed features
54
What is a perennial river?
A river that flows all the time
55
What is a non-perennial river?
A river that does not flow all of the time
56
What are coastal rocks?
Specific rock formations that occur along the edge of the sea
57
What are mudflats?
Places where mud has been exposed
58
Where do mudflats occur?
Rivers Near the sea These waters move back at low tide, exposing the mud
59
What are the four ways to show height on a map?
Contour lines Spot heights Trigonometric beacons Benchmarks
60
What are trigonometric beacons?
Actual beacons set up They show the exact height of a point Usually in the highest place in an area
61
What are benchmarks?
They show exact heights of places | Usually next to roads
62
How are contour lines shown on a map?
As brown lines with numbers on them
63
How are spot heights shown on a map?
As a black dot with a number next to it
64
How are trigonometric beacons shown on a map?
As a triangle with a number next to it
65
How are benchmarks shown on a map?
As an arrow with a number next to it
66
How are hills shown with contour lines?
Round lines Usually quite far apart The most gentle slopes are near the top
67
How are mountains shown with contour lines?
High areas of land Steep slopes (close together lines) Narrow river valleys (v lines)
68
What is a ridge?
A narrow, high piece of land with steep sides
69
How are ridges shown with contour lines?
Close together lines
70
What do coordinates do?
They are used to show the location of something
71
How do lines of longitude run?
From North to South
72
How do lines of latitude run?
From East to West
73
How are coordinates written?
Degrees (°) North (N) or South (S) of the equator Minutes (') North (N) or South (S) of the equator Seconds (") North (N) or South (S) of the equator Degrees (°) East (E) or West (W) of the Greenwich Meridian Minutes (') East (E) or West (W) of the Greenwich Meridian Seconds (") East (E) or West (W) of the Greenwich Meridian
74
Why do people take photographs from aeroplanes?
To help them make maps

Abi Geography 2016 (4 decks)

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