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Abi Geography 2016 > Map Skills > Flashcards

Map Skills Flashcards

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1
Q

What are vertical aerial photographs?

A

Aerial photographs taken from directly above

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2
Q

What are oblique aerial photographs?

A

Aerial photos taken at an angle

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3
Q

How do you work out gradient?

A

The vertical height distance divided by the horizontal distance

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4
Q

What is a mesa?

A

A land formation that has steep walls and a relatively flat top, not unlike a plateau

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5
Q

What is a butte?

A

Similar to a mesa , but less extensive in length

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6
Q

What are the three ways to measure height?

A

Spot height
Trigonometrical beacons
Benchmarks

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7
Q

What are photographs taken from aeroplanes called?

A

Aerial photographs

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8
Q

What are the two types of aerial photographs?

A

Vertical

Oblique

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9
Q

What is a feature?

A

A land form such as a river, hill or road

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10
Q

What is a cartographer?

A

A person who makes maps

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11
Q

What are the wavy black lines on an orthophoto map?

A

Contour lines

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12
Q

What do contour lines tell us?

A

They tell us about the height and shape of the land

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13
Q

What do the numbers on contour lines tell us?

A

The metres above sea level

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14
Q

What is the scale of an orthophoto map?

A

1:10 000

This means that one centimetre on the map is equal to 10 000cm on the ground (100 m)

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15
Q

What are 5 things that all maps should have?

A 
An aerial view
Symbols to represent things in the ground
Key to explain the symbols
Accurate map scale
North arrow or compass
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16
Q

What are the points of a compass called?

A

Cardinal points

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17
Q

What are the 16 cardinal points?

A 
North
North North East
North East
East North East
East
East South East
South East
South South East
South
South South West
South West
West South West
West
West North West
North West
North North West
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18
Q

What do we use when we want to be more accurate about the position of something?

A

Bearing

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19
Q

How is bearing measured?

A

Degrees

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20
Q

What instrument can be used to measure bearing?

A

Protractor

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21
Q

How do maps show the land?

A

From directly above

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22
Q

What are vertical aerial photographs?

A

They are aerial photographs taken from directly above

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23
Q

What do we use to represent things on maps?

A

Symbols and colour

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24
Q

What are contour lines?

A

Symbols that show height in a map

They also show the shape of the land

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25
Q

How are contour lines drawn?

A

Places with the same height are connected by a line

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26
Q

How is height in maps measured?

A

Height above sea level

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27
Q

What is a contour interval?

A

The distance between two contour lines

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28
Q

What three sources of information do cartographers use when making maps?

A

Vertical aerial photographs
Satellite images
Land surveys done by people on the ground

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29
Q

What is gradient?

A

The steepness of a slope

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30
Q

What is steepness?

A

The angle of the slope

31
Q

When will there be a steep gradient?

A

When there is a big difference in height between two places, but a small difference in distance

32
Q

What is an example of a steep gradient?

A

A cliff

33
Q

What is a gentle gradient?

A

When there is a big difference in the distance between two places, but little difference in the height

34
Q

What is an example of a gentle gradient?

A

A sloping field

35
Q

What is the formula to work out gradient?

A

The vertical height difference divided by the horizontal distance

36
Q

How is gradient written?

A

As a ratio

37
Q

How do contour lines show a steep gradient?

A

They will be closer together

38
Q

How,do contour lines show a gentle gradient?

A

They will be further apart

39
Q

What are river valleys?

A

Places that are lower than the surrounding land

They may have (had) rivers running through them

40
Q

What do river valleys look like in mountain areas?

A

They have steep sides

41
Q

What do river valleys look like in contour lines?

A

They make a v shape

42
Q

Where does the v point in river valleys?

A

Toward the source of the water

43
Q

What are spurs?

A

They are sloping pieces of land that stick out between different river valleys

44
Q

How do contour lines look at spurs?

A

They make a u shape

45
Q

Where is the scale most accurate in a vertical aerial photograph?

A

Toward the center

46
Q

What is an orthophoto image?

A

A vertical aerial photograph
One where any distortions are made clear
One where the scale is made accurate

47
Q

What is an orthophoto image?

A

An orthophoto image with added details

48
Q

What kinds of information is shown on orthophoto maps?

A 
Place names
Contour lines
Heights 
Road numbers
Grid showing coordinates
Spot heights
49
Q

What is a spot height?

A

A specific spot on a map where the exact height above sea level is shown

50
Q

What is a topographic map?

A

A map that shows the shape of the land

51
Q

What is the scale of a topographic map?

A

1:50000

52
Q

What does this scale mean? (1:50000)

A

It means that every unit of measurement on the map is equal to 50 000 of those on the ground

53
Q

What do symbols show?

A

Natural features

Constructed features

54
Q

What is a perennial river?

A

A river that flows all the time

55
Q

What is a non-perennial river?

A

A river that does not flow all of the time

56
Q

What are coastal rocks?

A

Specific rock formations that occur along the edge of the sea

57
Q

What are mudflats?

A

Places where mud has been exposed

58
Q

Where do mudflats occur?

A

Rivers
Near the sea
These waters move back at low tide, exposing the mud

59
Q

What are the four ways to show height on a map?

A

Contour lines
Spot heights
Trigonometric beacons
Benchmarks

60
Q

What are trigonometric beacons?

A

Actual beacons set up
They show the exact height of a point
Usually in the highest place in an area

61
Q

What are benchmarks?

A

They show exact heights of places

Usually next to roads

62
Q

How are contour lines shown on a map?

A

As brown lines with numbers on them

63
Q

How are spot heights shown on a map?

A

As a black dot with a number next to it

64
Q

How are trigonometric beacons shown on a map?

A

As a triangle with a number next to it

65
Q

How are benchmarks shown on a map?

A

As an arrow with a number next to it

66
Q

How are hills shown with contour lines?

A

Round lines
Usually quite far apart
The most gentle slopes are near the top

67
Q

How are mountains shown with contour lines?

A

High areas of land
Steep slopes (close together lines)
Narrow river valleys (v lines)

68
Q

What is a ridge?

A

A narrow, high piece of land with steep sides

69
Q

How are ridges shown with contour lines?

A

Close together lines

70
Q

What do coordinates do?

A

They are used to show the location of something

71
Q

How do lines of longitude run?

A

From North to South

72
Q

How do lines of latitude run?

A

From East to West

73
Q

How are coordinates written?

A

Degrees (°) North (N) or South (S) of the equator
Minutes (‘) North (N) or South (S) of the equator
Seconds (“) North (N) or South (S) of the equator
Degrees (°) East (E) or West (W) of the Greenwich Meridian
Minutes (‘) East (E) or West (W) of the Greenwich Meridian
Seconds (“) East (E) or West (W) of the Greenwich Meridian

74
Q

Why do people take photographs from aeroplanes?

A

To help them make maps

Abi Geography 2016 (4 decks)

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