mao Flashcards
who was the 3 antis campaign against
against party members and bureaucrats
what did the 3 antis campaign aim to battle
corruption , waste and inneficiency
who was the 5 antis campaign against
businessmen (to remove political opposition)
what did the 5 antis campaign aim to battle
bribery , tax dodgers , theft of state property , fraud and industrial sabotage
what were loyal citizens encouraged to do
encouraged to denounce officials and employers who they considered guilty of offences at mass meetings
what was Mao´s response to the hundred flowers campaign
was to end the Hundred Flowers Campaign and launch instead an Anti-Rightest Campaign
effect of the antis campaigns
-Those denounced were forced to make public confessions and were punished by fines and sent to labour camps
-The humiliation was so great that it is estimated that 2-3 million people committed suicide
-campaigns were effective – there was a huge increase in support for the party
what was the hundred flowers campaign
- Mao changed his mind ab criticism
-called on intellectuals and artists to say where the party and government had gone wrong. This appeared to be Mao encouraging free speech
what was the reaction to the hundred flowers campaign
-At first criticism was limited and trivial
-However, once people
became more confident the volume of criticism grew
-Mao was shocked that people even criticised him!
what were Mao´s motives for the campaign
-he genuinely encouraged free speech and criticism but was shocked by the reaction and then clamped down on his
critics.
- or Campaign was a deliberate plan by Mao to flush out critics of the government and CCP.
what was the anti-rightist campaign
- Critics were now labelled as ‘rightists’
- The leading critics were forced to retract their statements
- Critics had to make public confessions and submit themselves to ‘re-education’
- They were sent off to camps for
‘thought reform’ - Others sacked from their jobs
- People were forbidden to speak freely and the press was censored
- Victims included up to 750,000 party members
-Even top CCP members were not safe - silenced criticism of the communist regime for a generation
-Party unity was strengthened. - —Mao’s position was unchallengeable. Intellectual life in China came to a virtual standstill.
how did mao ensure from 1949 that china was a one party state
-All other parties were suppressed in a series of purges from 1950-1952.
-Mao rounded up GMD supporters and sent them to
re-education camps.
-Anyone who showed any opposition to communism was labelled a ‘counter-revolutionary’, ‘rightist’ or an ‘imperialist’.
- To avoid accusations Chinese increasingly tried to prove their loyalty by accusing others.
how did mao keep control
- Censorship and Propaganda e.g. Wall poster, Discussion group, Accusation groups, Story-telling groups, Memory meetings, Loudspeakers, Newspapers,
Films. - People were required to register in a region and had to get permission to move to a different area.
- Everyone had a ‘dangan’ (information file) – if it contained anything negative you could not get a house or job.
-Re-education meetings or camps.
-People imprisoned in ‘Laogai’ (prison camps)
25 million thought to have died there during Mao’s reign.
what was ´Mao Zedong thought´
- Mao was suspicious of any criticism so would not tolerate alternative view
- Everyone had to support Mao’s beliefs
-included the need to mobilise the masses, the need for continuing revolution and constant class struggle, the need to prevent counter revolutionary ideas which could threaten the revolution and the need for self–reliance
