Manufacturing Industries Flashcards
1
Q
Importance of Manufacturing
A
- modernizing agriculture - reduces the dependence of people on the agricultural sector by providing jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors
- precondition for eradication of poverty and unemployment - main objective behind the public sector and joint venture industries - setting up industries in tribal and backward areas
- export of manufactured goods - expands trade and commerce - brings in the much needed foreign exchange
- country’s prosperity - converting raw materials into finished goods of higher value - india’s prosperity - increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries
2
Q
Industries and Agriculture are not exclusive of each other. Explain.
A
- move hand in hand
- agro-industries - boost to agriculture - increasing their productivity
- depend on farmers for raw materials
- sell finished goods to farmers - insecticides, irrigation pumps, pesticides, PVC pipes, tools, machines, etc.
- Have made the process of agricultural production much easier
3
Q
Industrialization and Urbanisation go hand in hand
A
- industries are located near urban areas where they can get a market for their products
- services like - banking, communication, labour, insurance, consultancy, transport
- once, industries are set up - urbanisation follows.
4
Q
Classification of industries
A
- Raw material (a) Agro-based (b) Mineral-based
- Capital Investment: (a) Small-scale (b) Large-scale
- Ownership: (a) Public (b) Private (c) Joint Sector (d) Cooperative Societies
- Bulk of raw material: (a) Heavy industries (b) Light industries
- Main role: (a) Basic/key industries (b) Consumer industries
5
Q
Aluminium Smelting
A
- second most important metallurgical industry in India
- light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable, strong when mixed with other metals
- used in the manufacture of aircraft, utensils, wires
- Substitute of zinc, lead, and copper in many industries
- Aluminium Smelting PLants - Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Chhatisgarh
- Raw material - Bauxite - dark reddish - very bulky
- Requires regular supply of electricity - raw material at low costs
6
Q
Chemical Industry
A
- Fastest growing and diversifying industry in India
- Rapid Growth in organic and inorganic sectors
- Inorganic Chemicals include -
a) Nitric Acid
b) Caustic Soda
c) Sulphuric Acid (synthetic fibers, fertilizers, adhesives, paints, dyes
d) Soda ash (Glass, soap and detergent, paper) - Organic Chemicals include petrochemicals - used to produce synthetic fibers, synthetic rubbers, plastics drugs, pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs
- Located near oil refineries or petrochemical plants
- Chemical industry is its own largest consumer
- Basic chemicals are further processed to be used in industries, agriculture, or directly by the consumers
7
Q
Fertilizer Industry
A
- centered around nitrogenous fertilizers (mainly urea), ammonium phosphate (DAP), and Phosphatic fertilizers
- Complex fertilizers are a combination of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium
- Potash has to be imported - no commercially usable potash or potassium compounds in our country
- primary fertilizer industry - Punjab, UP, Kerala, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu
- Other centres- Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Assam, Goa
8
Q
Automobile industry
A
- provides quick transportation of passengers, goods, and services
- After liberalization - new and contemporary models entered the market - stimulated the demand for vehicles
- Manufacture of two, three, four wheelers, and multi-utility vehicles
- Major centres - Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram, Chennai, Pune, Kolkata, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Bengaluru
9
Q
IT Industry
A
- wide range of products - from transistor sets to television, computers, radars, telephone, and cellular telecom- used by the telecommunication industry
- Bengaluru - electronic capital of India - silicon valley of India
- important centers for electronic goods - Mumbai, Pune, Lucknow, Chennai, Delhi, Coimbatore
- Industries are concentrated near Noida, Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pune, Mumbai
- Major impact on employment generation
- growth in software and hardware - key to the success of IT Industry
10
Q
Air Pollution
A
- toxic gases
- high proportion of undesirable gases - sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide
- air contains both solid and liquid particles - dust, smoke, sprays mist
- Smoke - emitted by chemical, paper, brick kilns, refineries, burning of fossil fuels
- Toxic gas leaks - very hazardous in the long run
11
Q
Water Pollution
A
- industrial wastes and effluents flowing into rivers
- main polluters - paper, pulp, chemical, textile, petroleum refineries, electroplating industries
- release - dyes, acids, salts, plastics, fertilizers, detergents, heavy metals like lead and mercury
- Fly ash, phospho-gypsum and iron and steel slags - major pollutants in india
12
Q
Thermal Pollution
A
- hot water flowing into rivers and other water bodies
- wastes from nuclear plants - birth defects, miscarriages, cancers
- dumping of chemicals, glass, salts, industrial effluents renders the soil useless
- rain water percolates - carries soluble pollutants with it - pollutes groundwater
13
Q
Noise pollution
A
- construction work, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws, electric drills
- causing hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure
- unwanted sound - irritant
14
Q
Control of Industrial Pollution
A
- recycling water by using it in the subsequent two or three stages
- treatment of water
a) primary - screening, grinding, flocculation, sedimentation
b) secondary-biological processes
c) tertiary - using physical, chemical, and biological processes - recycling wastewater - rainwater harvesting to meet requirements
- treating hot water and effluents before releasing
- preventing overdrawing of groundwater
- fitting smoke stacks to factories with - electrostatic precipitators, inertial separators, scrubbers, fabric filters
- Using oil and gas instead of coal in factories
- Generators should be fitted with silencers
- Redesign machinery to increase efficiency and reduce noise - noise absorbing material
