Agriculture

Question 1

Institutional Reforms

Answer 1

1. Consolidation of land holdings
2. Collectivization
3. Abolition of zamindari
4. Cooperation

Question 2

Technological Reforms

Answer 2

1. Green Revolution
2. White Revolution (Operation Flood)
   - During 1950s and 1960s
   - Development in few selected areas

Question 3

What changed in the 1980s and 1990s?

Answer 3

A comprehensive plan with both institutional and technological reforms was introduced.
1. Provision of CROP INSURANCE against floods, drought, fire, disease etc.
2. Setting up of Grameen Banks and Cooperative societies in rural areas to extend loans to farmers at affordable rates of interest.
3. Provision of KISSAN CREDIT CARD and PERSONAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE SCHEME
4. Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes were introduced on television and radio for the benefit of farmers
5. The government set a minimum support price to avoid exploitation of farmers by middlemen

Question 4

Modernisation of Agriculture

Answer 4

1. Establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
2. Setting up of Agricultural Industries
3. Veterinary Services
4. Developments in Horticulture
5. Research and development in the meteorological department and weather forecast
6. Animal Breeding Centres