manufacturing chemicals Flashcards
what is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
how do we get nitrogen and hydrogen for ammonia?
nitrogen-air
hydrogen-natural gas or cracking oil fraction
what is used to make nitrogen react?
iron catalyst
what is the formula for making ammonia?
nitrogen+hydrogen=ammonia
what does it mean if a reaction can be reversed?
reversible reaction
what is the symbol equation for making ammonia?
n2+3h2—2nh3
what is the process that uses nitrogen?
the haber process
what do all crops need?
nitrogen
what is needed in the haber process to make it most efficient?`
iron catalyst
high pressure of 2000 atmospheres
450 degrees
a recycling system``
why is there a recycling system in the haber process?
not all the nitrogen and hydrogen react, so they are sent back into the reaction vessel
what does it mean if the reaction is reversible?
it cannot be 100 per cent
what does a high pressure do?
increase percentage yield
what does the high temperature do?
decreases crop yield
what does 450 degrees do?
yield is made faster at optimum level
what do catalysts?
they make reaction go faster
what affects the cost of making ammonia?
building the plant labour chemicals energy catalyst (how fast its being made)
what is ammonia used for?
over 80 per cent of all ammonia
nitric acid which goes into fertilisers
household cleaner
what is bad about having a high pressure?
makes it work better but pipes and fittings have to be made from stronger steel
what increases energy cost?
a higher temperature and more fuel
what is bad about reducing pollution?
it costs
what are antipollution laws?
mean that the chemicals cost a little bit more
why is a low yield acceptable?
if the daily output of the product is high enough
what is needed to make ammonia go through the pipes?
compressors and pumps
